{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:01:38Z","timestamp":1789984898006,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delayed presentation of congenital anomalies is common in Nepal, highlighting the importance of timely diagnosis. Female community health volunteers (FCHVs), who are integral to health care delivery in communities, may offer an opportunity for early identification and referral of these anomalies. This study explored the perceptions, willingness, and motivations of FCHVs in Nepal regarding their potential role in the identification of congenital external genitourinary (GU) anomalies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve FCHVs from Devdaha municipality, Rupandehi district, Nepal, participated in a focus group discussion (FGD). FCHVs were purposively sampled to ensure diversity in geographic setting (urban\/rural), age, and years of experience. A semi\u2010structured FGD guide was used to explore knowledge, attitudes, perceived community acceptance, and recommendations for future training. Data was analyzed using inductive thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five key themes emerged: (1) lack of confidence in identifying and refering congenital GU anomalies, (2) positive attitude toward community\u2010based screening, (3) perceived barriers (e.g., stigma and parental resistance) and facilitators (e.g., existing child health roles), (4) recommendations for practical, skill\u2010based training, and (5) motivation for FCHVs' work. While FCHVs recognized the importance of identifying congenital anomalies and associated risks or complications, most lacked confidence due to limited prior training. Most FCHVs expressed willingness to participate in screening, particularly when they perceived the role as aligned with their existing responsibilities. There was consensus on the need for targeted training before implementing a formal program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides early evidence on the feasibility of integrating congenital anomaly screening into community health systems, highlighting training and referral strengthening as next potential steps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T08:31:56Z","timestamp":1781512316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Congenital Genitourinary Anomaly Identification and Referral in Rural Nepal: A Qualitative Study on the Perspective of Female Community Health Volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6725-5575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prajjwol","family":"Luitel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujan","family":"Paudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7985-0076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh Prasad","family":"Koirala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah B.","family":"Cairo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Surgery University of California San Francisco  USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214\u2010109X(23)00496\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268\u2010014\u20102714\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107297"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u201cSystematic Estimates of the Global Regional and National Under\u20105 Mortality Burden Attributable to Birth Defects in 2000\u20132019: A Summary of Findings From the 2020 WHO Estimates | BMJ Open.\u201d Accessed: September 5 2025. 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