{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:01:45Z","timestamp":1789984905805,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gender\u2010based violence (GBV) remains a critical global health and human rights issue, with one in three women affected worldwide. Local evidence on its prevalence and determinants is limited in the study area. This study aims to determine the magnitude of GBV, identify and explore associated and aggravating factors among reproductive\u2010age women in the Awi Zone Administration, Amhara Region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A community\u2010based mixed\u2010method study, combining a cross\u2010sectional survey and an exploratory qualitative design, was conducted in February 2025. Quantitative data were collected using a semi\u2010structured questionnaire, while qualitative data were gathered through key informant interviews. Data was entered into EpiData 4.6 and analyzed in SPSS version 26. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regressions were employed to identify factors associated with the outcome variables. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically, and findings from both approaches were triangulated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 735 women participated in the study (95.4% response rate). Overall, 57.0% (95% CI: 53%\u201361%) reported experiencing at least one form of GBV in the past 12 months. Multivariate analysis showed that lack of education [AOR\u2009=\u20091.52; 95% CI: 1.02\u20132.28], alcohol use [AOR\u2009=\u20091.66; 95% CI: 1.19\u20132.32], low wealth index [AOR\u2009=\u20091.76; 95% CI: 1.22\u20132.52] and being employed [AOR\u2009=\u20090.40; 95% CI: 0.22\u20130.74] were associated with GBV. Qualitative findings revealed GBV was widely reported and normalized, manifesting as physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. Poverty, low education, substance use, and weak legal systems fueled its occurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GBV is widespread and culturally normalized, fueled by low education, poverty, alcohol use, and weak legal enforcement, whereas employment offers some protection. Therefore, women's education and economic empowerment should be strengthened, legal protections enforced, and community\u2010based interventions implemented to shift cultural norms and reduce GBV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T06:02:01Z","timestamp":1780034521000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gender\u2010Based Violence and Associated Factors Among Women of Reproductive Age in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A Mixed Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Seblewongel","family":"Bitew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Awi Zonal Health Office, Amhara Regional State Health Bureau  Northwest Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3972-9555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amare Genetu","family":"Ejigu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University Injibara Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tenagnework Eseyneh","family":"Dagnaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University Injibara Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gashaw","family":"Alamineh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Awi Zonal Health Office, Amhara Regional State Health Bureau  Northwest Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8711-3555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zemenu Shiferaw","family":"Yadita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Health and Population Studies School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_18_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Women & Crime","author":"King A. 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