{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:01:36Z","timestamp":1789984896679,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Protein\u2010energy wasting (PEW) and oxidative stress (OS) frequently occur as complications in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), especially among those diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Egg white powder (EWP) is a low\u2010phosphorus, high\u2010 biological value protein source that may help improve nutritional and oxidative balance. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of EWP supplementation on nutritional status, biochemical parameters, and OS markers in diabetic HD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled trial, 39 adult T2DM patients on HD were randomly assigned to receive either EWP (30\u2009g; 22\u2009g protein; 3\u2009days\/week) or a cocoa\u2010flavored placebo during HD sessions for 8\u2009weeks. Primary outcomes included Nutritional indicators (BMI, dietary intake, serum albumin, phosphorus, and OS markers\u2014total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). ANCOVA adjusted for baseline values, body mass index, dietary intake, energy intake, and physical activity was used for group comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Protein intake increased significantly in the EWP group, while phosphorus decreased. Serum albumin rose from 3.65\u2009\u00b1\u20090.62 to 4.15\u2009\u00b1\u20090.69\u2009g\/dL (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The lipid profile showed a significant improvement, with total cholesterol and LDL\u2010c levels reduced. Fasting blood sugar significantly declined. TAC, and SOD increased (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003), and MDA decreased markedly. Two deaths and one hospitalization occurred during the study; all were determined to be unrelated to the intervention. No intervention\u2010related adverse effects were reported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EWP supplementation improved protein intake, albumin levels, lipid control, and antioxidant capacity in diabetic HD patients without increasing phosphorus burden. EWP may serve as a safe, functional nutritional supplement in renal nutrition therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T13:10:16Z","timestamp":1780837816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Egg White Powder Supplementation on Nutritional Status, Biochemical Profile, and Oxidative Stress Markers in Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients; A Double\u2010Blind Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Arvin","family":"Babaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"Nutrition Research Center, Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamta","family":"Abdollah Niya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"Nutrition Research Center, Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soudabeh","family":"Hamedi\u2010Shahraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health Zabol University of Medical Sciences Zabol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javid","family":"Safa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0481-3685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Tarighat\u2010Esfanjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Center, Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz174"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61682-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-023-01298-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2214-109x(16)00071-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2017.14458"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1913"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.12-5-472"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230512"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.01.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61601-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867330666230515140454"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2013.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15616\/BSL.2017.23.3.185"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2018.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9870138"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010088"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05917-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12745"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf050964f"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03391"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34768"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02680"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.20748"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5851\/kosfa.2017.37.5.646"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/aapm.105754"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.Mss.0000078924.61453.Fb"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12748"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJNRD.S273874"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmab062"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2023.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.13028"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2018.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-017-0499-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-002-0890-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex399"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56031-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114518002192"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-019-0497-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114519000837"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127188"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1753-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151193"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-023-05706-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-05288-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-024-04110-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA04352J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.14133"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c04742"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72596","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.72596","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72596","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T09:21:13Z","timestamp":1789982473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.72596"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.72596"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.72596","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e72596"}}