{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:02:21Z","timestamp":1789984941821,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent condition. The treatment methods currently available for this condition have limited potential (minoxidil) and side effects with long\u2010term therapy that affect the physiology of the male population (5\u03b1\u2010reductase inhibitors). In recent years, there has been a considerable expansion in knowledge about the etiology of AGA, while current treatment methods appear to be outdated in light of new findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A review of the latest publications on androgenetic alopecia concerning its etiology and genetics was conducted, with the aim of examining the molecular pathways associated with mutations in the following genes: The following genes were found to be implicated: AR (WNT\/\u03b2\u2010catenin pathway), EDA2R (WNT\/\u03b2\u2010catenin and proapoptotic pathways), HDAC9 (Treg pathway), PAX1 and FOXA2 (development pathways). This facilitated the development of a theoretical model for the treatment of AGA using the STEAP3 protein.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A theoretical model of AGA therapy has been designed using the STEAP3 protein to activate the inhibited WNT\/\u03b2\u2010catenin pathway as a result of mutations in the AR and EDA2R genes. STEAP3 catalyses the conversion of Fe\n                      <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                      to Fe\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , which in turn facilitates the phosphorylation of GSK3\u03b2, resulting in its subsequent inactivation. This process culminates in the dissolution of the complex that hinders the transfer of \u03b2\u2010catenin to the cell nucleus.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is hypothesised that STEAP3\u2010based therapy has the potential to become an effective treatment for AGA, acting on the underlying cause of the disease (determined by the mutations described). It should be noted that all analyses presented in the following text constitute a theoretical model of AGA treatment using STEAP3 protein and its derivatives, and are not supported by laboratory and clinical studies. Nevertheless, they serve as an introduction to further in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T05:10:41Z","timestamp":1781154641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Theoretical Model for the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia Using the STEAP3 Protein, and the Genetic Challenges of Treating AGA"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9086-4979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacy Klemens","family":"M\u0142odzianowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Dermatology Students Research Clube, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144 Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Bydgoszcz Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5121-8777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Grochocka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Faculty of Medicine Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Bydgoszcz Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2348-0441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadeusz","family":"Tadrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Faculty of Medicine Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Bydgoszcz Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1264-0481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Ha\u0142as\u2010Wi\u015bniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Faculty of Medicine Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Bydgoszcz Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9395-0886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Izdebska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Faculty of Medicine Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Bydgoszcz Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_19_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14983"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70134-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_19_4_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Androgenetic Alopecia","volume":"149","author":"Piraccini B. 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