{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:02:59Z","timestamp":1789984979969,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fertility is not only a biological process; it is a multidimensional phenomenon shaped by complex and often contradictory factors, such as cultural norms and economic conditions. Decision\u2010making about childbearing not only affects couples\u2019 lives but also shapes the future of their families and societies. This study examines the components influencing childbearing decisions among women and their spouses across different cities and cultural contexts in Iran, focusing on their personal and shared experiences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a conventional content analysis in 2025 using face\u2010to\u2010face interviews with 64 participants of reproductive age from 7 cities across Iran. The sample consisted predominantly of women (60 women and 4 husbands), indicating limited male participation. The textual data were analyzed using MAXQDA version 24, resulting in 678 initial codes that were organized into thematic categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six main categories emerged: (1) individual perceptions, attitudes, and experiences, (2) social and cultural factors, (3) modern lifestyle changes, (4) religious and political beliefs, (5) household financial empowerment, and (6) governmental policy support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childbearing decisions were shaped by a complex interplay of individual, cultural, social, economic, political, and religious factors, highlighting that this decision is not merely personal or private. Moreover, these factors can simultaneously play either a facilitating or inhibiting role, depending on individuals' perceptions, which interpret them as positive or negative. Accordingly, the findings suggest that fertility\u2010related policies may benefit from a comprehensive and multidimensional approach, with particular attention to strengthening positive mindsets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T05:22:09Z","timestamp":1781155329000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors Affecting Decision\u2010Making to Have Children in Iran: A Qualitative Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Shirin Shahbazi","family":"Sighaldeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwifery and Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakineh","family":"Taherkhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Bakouei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyedeh Tahereh","family":"Mirmolaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwifery and Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azam","family":"Amzajerdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwifery and Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohadeseh","family":"Delpisheh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwifery and Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roghayeh Faraji","family":"Ahmadabad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Development Unit of Kowsar Women's Medical Center Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pirayeh","family":"Ramezani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwifery and Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farshad","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Rastad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwifery and Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1483-3435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faezeh","family":"Ghafoori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center Saveh University of Medical Sciences Saveh Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"238","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Investigating Factors Affecting Childbearing, A Review Study","volume":"34","author":"Khojeh Z.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"A.Moreno\u2010MaldonadoandC.SantamariaDelayed Childbearing and Urban Revival. mimeo Sciences Po;2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00148-022-00931-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01494929.2022.2083283"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"1689","article-title":"Determinants of Childbearing: Behavioral Change Models and Theories: A Systematic Review","volume":"54","author":"Sorkhani T. 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