{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:02:47Z","timestamp":1789380167744,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre\u2010eclampsia (PE) is a major hypertensive disorder during pregnancy, contributing significantly to maternal and perinatal mortality, especially in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries. While primary studies on PE have been conducted in Ghana and meta\u2010analyses exist for sub\u2010Saharan Africa broadly, no review has synthesized Ghana\u2010specific evidence to produce a pooled prevalence estimate. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with PE among pregnant women in Ghana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched four databases. Studies published between January 2015 and July 2025 were eligible for inclusion. Fourteen studies were included in the final meta\u2010analysis. Pooled prevalence was calculated using random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis in R Studio, with heterogeneity evaluated via the\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      statistic and publication bias assessed through funnel plots and Egger's regression test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pooled prevalence of PE was 14.52% (95% CI: 7.88\u201322.74). Regional prevalence was highest in the Greater Accra (18.32%, 95% CI: 4.10\u201339.39), followed by Ashanti (17.41%, 95% CI: 6.38\u201332.32) and Northern (16.43%, 95% CI: 0.65\u201346.48) regions. Commonly reported risk factors included advanced maternal age, primigravidity, previous cesarean section, placental malaria, and vitamin D deficiency. Notable outcomes were lower Apgar scores, cesarean deliveries, stillbirths, and postpartum depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PE affects a significant proportion of pregnant women in Ghana, with a pooled prevalence of 14.52%, which varies across regions and clinical settings. This estimate is derived from highly heterogeneous studies and should be interpreted as an approximate indicator of burden rather than a precise national figure. The identified risk factors and outcomes highlight the urgent need for enhanced prenatal screening and tailored interventions to reduce the burden of PE in Ghana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T06:55:39Z","timestamp":1784530539000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pre\u2010Eclampsia Among Pregnant Women in Ghana: A Systematic Review &amp; Meta\u2010Analysis of the Current Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Perinatal Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7545-5187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugene Afreku","family":"Boafo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Knoxxi Ghana Limited Accra Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy University of Ghana School of Pharmacy Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4308-0039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard Donkor","family":"Amponsah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knoxxi Ghana Limited Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7179-2461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yacoba","family":"Atiase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics University of Ghana Medical School Korle\u2010Bu Ghana"},{"name":"National Diabetes Management and Research Center Korle\u2010Bu Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8482-7809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desmond","family":"Opare\u2010Agyekum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knoxxi Ghana Limited Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina Akomah","family":"Obeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knoxxi Ghana Limited Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Amankwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knoxxi Ghana Limited Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10803"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","volume-title":"Preeclampsia","author":"Karrar S. 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