{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:01:36Z","timestamp":1789984896668,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF) frequently coexist, yet national mortality trends capturing both conditions together remain understudied. We examined U.S. mortality trends where CAD and HF coexisted from 1999 to 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed CDC WONDER multiple\u2010cause\u2010of\u2010death data for adults \u2265\u200925 years to identify deaths with coexisting CAD and HF. Age\u2010adjusted mortality rates (per 100,000) were standardized to the 2000 U.S. population. Joinpoint regression estimated annual percent changes, and mortality was stratified by demographics, region, and clinical presentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 1999 to 2024, 2,930,567 deaths involved coexisting CAD and HF, with 32.82% occurring in inpatient settings. The AAMR declined significantly from 71.6 in 1999 to 43.7 in 2024. Men had higher mortality than women (67.5 vs. 39.8), although declines were steeper in women. White adults had the highest AAMR (52.6), while Asian or Pacific Islanders had the lowest (25.0). The Midwest recorded the highest mortality (54.6), and the Northeast the lowest (47.1). Mortality was higher in rural areas than in urban areas (63.6 vs. 49.5). Older adults had the greatest burden (240.9), whereas younger adults showed increasing trends after 2010. Chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy recorded higher mortality as compared to acute myocardial infarction (9.85 vs. 4.41), although the decline was greater for chronic infarctions. State\u2010level variation was notable, with West Virginia and Oklahoma consistently among the highest.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mortality involving coexisting CAD and HF declined overall but showed persistent demographic and geographic disparities. Targeted prevention strategies are needed to reduce the ischemic HF burden in high\u2010risk populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T06:12:19Z","timestamp":1781071939000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends and Racial\u2010Geographic Disparities in Coexisting Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Heart Failure (HF) Related Mortality Among U.S. Adults, 1999\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sahil","family":"Bhagia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery Dow University of Health Sciences  Karachi Sindh Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7393-0199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Salman","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery Dow University of Health Sciences  Karachi Sindh Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4311-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniyal","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery Dow University of Health Sciences  Karachi Sindh Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainab Mazhar","family":"Baig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery Dow University of Health Sciences  Karachi Sindh Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery Jinnah Sindh Medical University  Karachi Sindh Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Mussawir","family":"Khuhro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery Dow University of Health Sciences  Karachi Sindh Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan Nazeer","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery Dow University of Health Sciences  Karachi Sindh Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duaa","family":"Mubashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery Dow University of Health Sciences  Karachi Sindh Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Arsalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery Dow University of Health Sciences  Karachi Sindh Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Bilal","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery Dow University of Health Sciences  Karachi Sindh Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1817-7800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasibullah","family":"Aminpoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident Physician, Department of Internal Medicine Rabia Balkhi National Complex Hospital  Kabul Afghanistan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Kabul University of Medical Sciences \u201cAbu Ali Ibn Sina\u201d  Kabul Afghanistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000950"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2025.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","first-page":"e895","article-title":"2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure","volume":"145","author":"Heidenreich P. 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Atlanta GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.https:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","unstructured":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD\u201010) \u2014 World Health Organization. Chapter I11 0 (Hypertensive Heart Disease With (Congestive) Heart Failure) Chapter I50 (Heart Failure) and Chapter I20\u2010I25 (Ischemic Heart Diseases).https:\/\/www.who.int\/standards\/classifications\/classification-of-diseases."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","unstructured":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies \u2014 Published in The Lancet (2007) https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18064739\/."},{"issue":"166","key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"2013 NCHS Urban\u2013Rural Classification Scheme for Counties","author":"Ingram D. D.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vital and Health Statistics. 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