{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:02:37Z","timestamp":1789984957621,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IR.TUMS.CHMC.REC.1401.016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IR.TUMS.CHMC.REC.1401.016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction\u2010associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is increasingly prevalent among children and adolescents with overweight or obesity, posing a growing public health challenge. Emerging evidence highlights the gut microbiota as a critical mediator in MAFLD pathogenesis, yet few studies have explored dietary factors influencing this axis in pediatric populations. This cross\u2010sectional study investigated the association between the Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI\u2010GM) and MAFLD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 505 Iranian youths aged 7\u201318 years enrolled in a national obesity registry. Dietary intake was assessed via a validated 147\u2010item Food Frequency Questionnaire. MAFLD was diagnosed according to international expert consensus, requiring ultrasound\u2011confirmed hepatic steatosis in the presence of overweight\/obesity or other metabolic abnormalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Multivariable logistic regression models revealed that higher DI\u2010GM scores were significantly associated with lower odds of MAFLD (OR per unit increase: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71\u20130.91;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Participants in the highest DI\u2010GM quartile had markedly reduced risk compared to the lowest quartile (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22\u20130.81). Notably, the inverse association was significant only among post\u2010pubertal participants. Mediation analysis indicated that liver enzymes\u2014alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase (GGT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)\u2014partially explained this relationship, accounting for 20.0%, 19.2%, and 6.7% of the association, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore the potential of microbiota\u2010oriented dietary strategies to mitigate MAFLD risk in pediatric populations with obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T07:07:01Z","timestamp":1781075221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota and the Odds of Metabolic Dysfunction\u2010Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2460-4218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzam","family":"Kamrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2686-2584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Nikparast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition &amp; Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9974-3537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Tabatabaeyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Students' Research Committee Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elahe","family":"Etesami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition SR.C., Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pejman","family":"Rohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7925-5158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Golaleh","family":"Asghari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.02.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20420188221145549"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00183-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14218\/jcth.2021.00201"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1291501"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15183970"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20420188241242937"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-332398"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16071045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","article-title":"Association Between Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI\u2010GM) and Non\u2010Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Evidence From NHANES 1999\u20132018","volume":"34","author":"Xue Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-025-01589-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-99396-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17207618"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-024-01467-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-025-01142-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-024-01516-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.Nikparast et al. 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