{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:54:33Z","timestamp":1790927673765,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant chronic infection in pediatric patients. Vaccination induces production of anti\u2010Hepatitis B surface antibodies, which serve as markers of protective immunity. Given the long\u2010term risks of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma during adulthood, this study aimed to assess and compare seroprotection between children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and nondiabetic participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this case\u2010control study, 127 children with T1DM and 124 controls, all in a healthy immune state and fully vaccinated against HBV, were recruited from Shiraz University pediatric endocrinology clinics. Exclusion criteria included immunosuppression, incomplete vaccination, or hepatitis history in the child\/family. Ethical approval was obtained from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Comparisons of sex, age, antibody titers, and diabetes indices used appropriate inferential tests; odds of inadequate antibody titers were assessed by logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Considering an antibody titer of 10\u2009mIU\/mL as adequate, the non\u2010protection rate was 54.3% (95% CI: 45.3%\u201363.2%) in diabetic individuals and 28.2% (95% CI:20.5%\u201337.0%) in non\u2010diabetics. In a multivariable model controlling for time from vaccination, time from vaccination (OR\u2009=\u20091.26, 95% CI: 1.06\u20131.49,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and diabetes status (OR\u2009=\u20092.34, 95% CI: 1.33\u20134.14,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) contributed to inadequate antibody titers. Sex, glycemic control, and disease duration over 1 year had no significant effect.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus exhibited lower anti\u2010HBs antibody titers compared to their nondiabetic counterparts, with no association found with sex or glycemic control. The timing of vaccination and diabetes status should be considered when evaluating immune responses to HBV vaccination in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T05:54:12Z","timestamp":1785304452000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diminished Hepatitis B Antibody Response in Pediatrics With Type 1 Diabetes; the Need for Revaccination Protocol: A Case\u2010Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Erfanehsadat","family":"Shahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Nemazee Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemina","family":"Bahrololoom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Ataollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Jamalidoust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Hasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Homa","family":"Ilkhanipoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anahita","family":"Sanaei Dashti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"HIV\/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Science Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7081-0127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyedeh Sedigheh","family":"Hamzavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Nemazee Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"Children with Type 1 Diabetes (0\u201319\u2009y) | IDF Atlas [Internet]. Available from:https:\/\/diabetesatlas.org\/data-by-indicator\/type-1-diabetes-estimates\/people-with-type-1-diabetes-0-19-y\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.08.021101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112277"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2571-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpmed.2010.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100558"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800465"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000441723"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1994.tb00251.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","unstructured":"Home \u00bb Hepatitis B Foundation [Internet]. 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