{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T11:23:18Z","timestamp":1794309798264,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pneumonia contributes substantially to the childhood mortality burden in low and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs). Reported predictors of mortality in childhood pneumonia in LMIC are varied. This study aimed to describe predictors of mortality among children with pneumonia in a tertiary hospital in Ghana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study that reviewed demographics, clinical features, admission outcomes, and predictors of in\u2010hospital mortality among Ghanaian children admitted with pneumonia. Outcome measures of interest were survival and death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 630 children were eligible for the study; 394 (62.5%) had medical records that were at least 85% complete. 56% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009220) were males. Children who died had a median age of 8 months (IQR: 4\u201317) and 12 months (IQR: 6\u201324) for the survivors. Among children with pneumonia, 74% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009290) were younger than 24 months, and 73.3% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009239) were fully immunized. Mortality rate was 19% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200975\/394), 34 children died within 24\u2009h of admission, and a cumulative 42 children died within 48\u2009h of admission. Hypoxemia at presentation was more frequent, 38.6% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200927), among those who died compared to the survivors, 17% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200947). Lower chest wall indrawing (LCI) occurred in both groups (80% vs. 60%, respectively). Predictors of mortality included; presence of diarrhea (aHR\u2009=\u20092.19, 95% CI:1.02\u20134.71,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05), hypoxemia (aHR\u2009=\u20092.08, 95% CI:1.09\u20133.96,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed a high burden of pneumonia in very young children. The predictors of mortality were hypoxemia and diarrhea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:57:06Z","timestamp":1782838626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predictors of Mortality in Children Admitted With Pneumonia to a Tertiary Hospital in Ghana: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6439-1643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Kwarteng Owusu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard Kwaku Kwarteng","family":"Owusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 37 Military Hospital Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit Agyeiwah","family":"Baah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justice","family":"Sylverken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4943-0098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Karikari Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi Dianne","family":"Adjetey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0909-0618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serwah Bonsu","family":"Asafo\u2010Agyei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larko Dormeyo","family":"Owusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0386-6120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Adabie Appiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel Blay","family":"Nguah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5548-9905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Ameyaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naana","family":"Wireko\u2010Brobby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Marfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Easy Water for Everyone Inc. Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augustine Kwame","family":"Afful","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilliam","family":"Ambroggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sections of Emergency Medicine and Hospital Medicine, Children's Hospita Colorado, Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado  Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Ansong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Ashong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lord","family":"Nkansah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00176-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60222-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30408-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2019.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30310-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","unstructured":"Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) \u201cThe Lancet. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Compare \u201d published 2025 https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/lancet\/visualisations\/gbd-compare."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","volume-title":"Pneumonia in Children Statistics","author":"UNICEF","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0300-1652.165038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1031423"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"e1359","article-title":"What Are the Risk Factors for Death Among Children With Pneumonia in Low\u2010 and Middle\u2010Income Countries? A Systematic Review","volume":"12","author":"Wilkes C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"JOGH"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2019.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255790"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.11.04053"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003300"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","unstructured":"Ghana Statistical Services accessed May 2021 https:\/\/www.statsghana.gov.gh\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","volume-title":"Revised WHO Classification and Treatment of Pneumonia in Children at Health Facilities: Evidence Summaries","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijph.IJPH_79_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"McNeil\u2010Masuka J.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Ebeledike C.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17134637"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare5030034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-021-01042-3"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72727","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.72727","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72727","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T10:33:50Z","timestamp":1794306830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.72727"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.72727"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.72727","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e72727"}}