{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:02:39Z","timestamp":1789380159983,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deliberate self\u2010harm (DSH) is a significant but underreported public health concern in Bangladesh, driven by mental health stigma, cultural and legal barriers, and absence of national data. Despite clear links to multiple risk factors, the prevalence and determinants of DSH lack systematic exploration. This narrative review synthesizes existing research articles and gray literature to summarize DSH behaviors, prevalence, risk factors, and key correlates within the Bangladeshi population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, PsycInfo, Google Scholar, and BanglaJOL were searched from their inception to identify research articles on risk factors and correlates of DSH behaviors. Studies assessing DSH behaviors and reporting associated risk factors in Bangladeshi populations were included for this review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>12 cross\u2010sectional studies (1995\u20132025) with sample sizes between 51 and 383 were included. Nine studies were hospital based, while three were conducted in community settings among LGBT, homosexual male, and university students. Seven reported DSH behaviors in participants aged 14\u201365 years, and five assessed co\u2010occurring mental disorders. Reported lifetime DSH prevalence was 17% (95% CI: 12\u201322.5) among university students, 40.2% in homosexual men, and 56%\u201362% among homosexual women. The most common methods were self\u2010cutting (39%), medication overdose (38%), and hanging (31%). Overall, 71% had at least one psychiatric disorder. Half of those with planned DSH intended to die, while 12% sought escape. Depressive and anxiety disorders, familial history, medical comorbidities, personality disorder, relationship problems, and poor family interactions were significant risk factors. DSH was positively associated with suicidal attempts, with 34.2% of individuals with DSH reporting a lifetime suicide attempt.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review outlined limited studies on DSH among the Bangladeshi population. This gap warrants further large\u2010scale studies to find the temporal relation between DSH and its correlates among the community population in Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T13:29:38Z","timestamp":1782826178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence, Risk Factors and Correlates of Deliberate Self\u2010Harm Behaviors in Bangladesh: A Narrative Review of Cross\u2010Sectional Studies (1995\u20132025)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2832-7254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mantaka","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5683-0013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharmin Sultana","family":"Tuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9837-4584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imtiaz","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2840-2890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamal","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1281-129X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmud Al","family":"Faissal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Manchester General Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5279-4514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Ashworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12918"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/jafmc.v9i1.18728"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","unstructured":"S. M. A.ImamandA.Biswas. \u201cPrevalence of Deliberate Self\u2010Harm in Different Psychiatric Disorders: Insights From A Study Of 100 Patients \u201d2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S11569"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2011.00894.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26719\/emhj.19.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01121-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16224581"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2025.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091217419837052"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0213-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70790"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. M.Fariduzzaman Z. A.Azdi S. A.Kushal et al. Prevalence and Pattern of Self\u2010Harm Among University Students in Dhaka Bangladesh.2023.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3767103\/v1"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","article-title":"Psychosocial Factors Behind Deliberate Self\u2010Poisoning in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study","volume":"15","author":"Bhattacharjee B.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-020-01893-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278X.2012.00111.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbab123"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00432-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bji.2021.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038954"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105254"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231885"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20231019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00443-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2020.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-11-115"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-22-00481.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2022.1434"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289597"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. K.Mozumder \u201cLife Under the Rainbow: Self\u2010Harm and Suicidality Among LGBT Community in Bangladesh \u201d (2024).","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4688367\/v1"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"Depression in Deliberate Self Harm Patients","volume":"20","author":"Mullick M. S.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/taj.v21i2.3798"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jss.JSS_9_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Personality Disorders in Adult Population With Deliberate Self\u2010Harm","volume":"3","author":"Motin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Achieves of NIMH"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e38627"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"Depression in Deliberate Self Harm Patients","volume":"20","author":"Mullick M. S.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Personality Disorders in Adult Population With Deliberate Self\u2010Harm","volume":"3","author":"Motin M. A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Achieves of NIMH"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764014535755"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101783"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-336"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-8-70"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-05111-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.178.1.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1121313"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7374.1207"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-041609"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67600-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.01.085"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2010.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2023.100474"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children10040725"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.04.103"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72734","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.72734","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72734","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T09:04:54Z","timestamp":1789376694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.72734"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.72734"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.72734","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e72734"}}