{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:03:30Z","timestamp":1789380210953,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Typhoid fever remains a significant public health concern in Bangladesh due to overcrowding, insufficient sanitation, unsafe food and contaminated water exposure, and antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this research is to gather evidence\u2010based information to guide future public health programs and educational initiatives specifically targeting university students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From August 2024 to July 2025, a cross\u2010sectional survey was conducted among 470 students from three universities in Dhaka city. A structured questionnaire was developed following standard guidelines, and data were collected through convenient sampling. Comparative analyses, Pearson's correlation, multivariable linear regression models, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to statistically evaluate the linkage between outcome measures across various sociodemographic and academic variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 470 valid responses, 127 participants were male (27.02%), and 343 were female (72.98%). Mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD scores were 80.05\u2009\u00b1\u200916.34 for knowledge, 73.99\u2009\u00b1\u200924.60 for attitude, and 60.93\u2009\u00b1\u200916.01 for practice. Knowledge showed weak but significant positive correlations with attitude (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.343, 95% CI: 0.261\u20130.420;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and practice (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.139, 95% CI: 0.049\u20130.227;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), while attitude was positively correlated with practice (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.143, 95% CI: 0.053\u20130.231;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). In the practice model, knowledge and attitude were not significant predictors after adjustment. Instead, male students demonstrated poorer preventive practices (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.448; 95% CI: \u22120.667 to \u22120.230;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while master's\u2010level students reported better practices than 1st\u2010year students (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.748; 95% CI: 0.335 to 1.161;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall participants in the study had relatively good knowledge and favorable attitudes toward typhoid fever. However, some important gaps remained in preventive practices and vaccination. Behavior\u2010focused health education, improved access to the typhoid conjugate vaccine, and strengthened campus\u2010based WASH strategies may help in improving typhoid prevention among university students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T03:33:50Z","timestamp":1783222430000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Typhoid Fever Among University Students in Bangladesh: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6587-6255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Most. Nazma","family":"Parvin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Stamford University Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7043-8897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Muhtamim Hussain","family":"Rifat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Stamford University Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8645-8823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia Akther","family":"Papia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Stamford University Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00480-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30685-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006779"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab462"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/41207"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012558"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.104261"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n437"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","volume-title":"Bangladesh\u2014Vaccine Work [Internet]","author":"The GAVI Team","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","volume-title":"Sample Size Determination in Health Studies: A Practical Manual [Internet]","author":"Lwanga S. K.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","volume-title":"Typhoid Fever Fact Sheet [Internet]","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","volume-title":"Typhoid Fever and Paratyphoid Fever [Internet]","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","volume-title":"National Guidelines for Typhoid Management in Bangladesh [Internet]","author":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW)","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040296"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18243\/eon\/2016.9.7.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14640"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","article-title":"Knowledge Attitude and Practices about Typhoid Fever in Adolescents and Adults of Islamabad Pakistan: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study","volume":"2","author":"Tariq B.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chronicles of Biomedical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/health.2010.28141"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2017.28.54.12265"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72774","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.72774","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72774","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T09:09:50Z","timestamp":1789376990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.72774"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.72774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.72774","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e72774"}}