{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:03:41Z","timestamp":1789380221430,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood transfusion saves lives, but red cell enzymopathies and hemoglobin variants can reduce red cell survival under oxidative stress. In sub\u2010Saharan Africa, blood donors are not routinely screened for glucose\u20106\u2010phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency or sickle cell trait (SCT). Evidence on co\u2010inheritance in donors is limited, despite possible harm to vulnerable recipients such as neonates and chronically transfused patients. This study determined the prevalence of G6PD deficiency, SCT, and their co\u2010inheritance among blood donors, and assessed donor awareness and selected laboratory findings relevant to transfusion safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A hospital\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study was conducted between February and August 2023 among 250 blood donors aged 16\u201350 years selected through simple random sampling. Following informed consent, participants completed a structured questionnaire. G6PD status was determined using the methemoglobin reduction test, while sickling was screened using sodium metabisulfite. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was used to determine hemoglobin phenotype, and Full Blood Count (FBC) analysis was performed using the Sysmex XN\u2010350 hematology analyzer. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, with\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age was 21.8\u2009\u00b1\u20096.3 years. Most donors were males [146\/250 (58.4%)], students [184\/250 (73.6%)], and first\u2010time donors (174\/250, 69.6%). Most donors did not know their G6PD status (246\/250, 98.4%), blood group (167\/250, 66.8%), or sickling status (235\/250, 94%). Laboratory testing showed 35\/250, 14% had full G6PD deficiency, 55\/250, 22% had sickle cell trait (predominantly Hb AS), and 15\/250, 6% co\u2010inherited both conditions. Blood group O Rh \u201cD\u201d positive was the most common (143\/250, 57.2%). G6PD status and full blood count parameters differed by sex (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 6% co\u2010inheritance of G6PD deficiency and SCT among blood donors, together with low donor awareness, highlights potential transfusion safety concerns. Targeted donor education, pre\u2010donation counseling, and screening policies may improve transfusion safety in high\u2010prevalence settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T04:46:07Z","timestamp":1783485967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Silent Risks in the Blood Supply: Co\u2010Inherited Glucose\u20106\u2010Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Sickle Cell Trait Among Donors at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8203-4209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bashirudeen Kofi Mensa","family":"Essel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Department Cape Coast Teaching Hospital  Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Quarm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Department Cape Coast Teaching Hospital  Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Comfort","family":"Fynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Department Cape Coast Teaching Hospital  Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6800-7837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca Peniel","family":"Storph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Department Cape Coast Teaching Hospital  Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evans","family":"Duah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Department Cape Coast Teaching Hospital  Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3436-8463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward Morkporkpor","family":"Adela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Department Cape Coast Teaching Hospital  Cape Coast Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Ofori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department Cape Coast Teaching Hospital  Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nana Benyin","family":"Aidoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit Cape Coast Teaching Hospital  Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9686-8300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Adu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7302912"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1583-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sickle Cell Trait Among Blood Donors in the Ho Teaching Hospital, Ghana: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study","volume":"3","author":"Ansah P.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Haematology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"WHO \u201cBlood Safety and Availability \u201d World Health Organization published 2025 https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/blood-safety-and-availability."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","volume-title":"Essential Hematology","author":"Hoffbrand A. 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