{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:54:04Z","timestamp":1790927644159,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychoactive substance use (PSU) has become a major public health concern. Many countries are alarmed by the increasing use of psychoactive substances among adolescents, and Ghana is not an exception.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study assessed psychoactive substance use among adolescent commercial tricycle riders of Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A community\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among 342 adolescent commercial tricycle operators selected from five (5) selected operational areas. Respondents were selected using a multistage sampling approach with simple random sampling within the operational areas, and a structured questionnaire was used as a data collection tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence rate of psychoactive substance use was 60.8%. Reasons for use include acceptability (20.4%), increased self\u2010confidence (60.8%), and improved work performance (24.6%). Factors that influenced psychoactive substance use include religious affiliation (Christian [aOR\u2009=\u20092.77 (CI: 1.44, 5.50),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003] or a Traditionalist [aOR\u2009=\u20094.76 (CI: 1.39, 20.75),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.021]), fathers' educational level (aOR\u2009=\u20094.34 [CI: 1.38, 15.09],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015), large families (aOR\u2009=\u20092.55 [CI: 1.40, 4.79],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003), and peer and colleague introduction of psychoactive substances (aOR\u2009=\u200912.22 [CI: 3.16\u201363.48],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has shown a high level of psychoactive substance use among adolescent commercial tricycle operators within the Tamale metropolis, occurring within a context of poverty, hazardous child labor, and weak enforcement of child protection laws. Policy actions should include strict enforcement of the Children's Act, regulation of adolescent involvement in commercial transport, and coordinated interventions involving the Department of Children, Ghana Education Service, and National Road Safety Authority.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T03:41:54Z","timestamp":1786333314000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychoactive Substance Use and Associated Factors Among Adolescent Commercial Tricycle Riders in Tamale, Ghana: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1277-8632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaa Nyarko","family":"Adjeso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaratu Bimonka","family":"Alhassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Lasong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cGlobal Status Report on Alcohol and Health and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders \u201d (WHO 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","unstructured":"UNODC \u201cWorld Drug Report [Internet] \u201d published 2024 https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/unodc\/en\/data-and-analysis\/world-drug-report-2024.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17030847"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46829\/hsijournal.2024.7.6.1.769-775"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2019.7787"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1186"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cGlobal Status Report on Alcohol and Health and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders \u201d (WHO 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","first-page":"535","article-title":"Substances Abuse Among Commercial Tricycle Riders in Kano Metropolis","volume":"2","author":"Odivwri J. 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