{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:02:40Z","timestamp":1789380160039,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urban green spaces may reduce the prevalence of non\u2010communicable disease (NCD) symptoms by mitigating environmental risk factors such as pollution and stress. However, evidence from African cities remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the association between levels of urban greenery and the perceived prevalence of clinical signs of non\u2010communicable diseases in selected municipalities of Abidjan, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study was conducted from 2018 to 2021 in five municipalities of Abidjan, selected to reflect different socioeconomic strata. A total of 359 adult residents were randomly selected using a two\u2010stage sampling method. Vegetation levels were assessed using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), derived satellite imagery, and survey data were collected on self\u2010reported symptoms, demographics, and behavioral factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Exposure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Residential greenery levels, categorized into low (&lt;\u20096%), medium (6\u201315%), and high (15\u201340%) vegetation cover based on NDVI classification at the municipal level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcomes were the frequencies of self\u2010reported clinical signs associated with five NCD categories: cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, psychological, and digestive. Associations were assessed using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and dietary confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Moderate greenery (6\u201315%) was associated with a lower prevalence of cardiovascular (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u20130.59; 95% CI: \u20131.27 to 0.09;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.091) and respiratory (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u20130.62; 95% CI: \u20131.27 to 0.02;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.057) symptoms, although not reaching conventional statistical significance. No significant association was found between greenery and musculoskeletal, psychological, or digestive symptoms. Male gender was significantly associated with fewer cardiovascular, respiratory, and psychological symptoms. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with musculoskeletal, psychological, and digestive symptoms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that moderate residential greenery may be associated with a reduced prevalence of certain NCD symptoms, particularly cardiovascular and respiratory, in a sub\u2010Saharan African context. Urban greening policies could offer a cost\u2010effective strategy to improve public health in rapidly urbanizing cities such as Abidjan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T06:56:21Z","timestamp":1783666581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Relationship Between Levels of Greenery and Perceived Clinical Signs of Non\u2010Communicable Diseases in Abidjan, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4879-7018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao Kouassi Kan","family":"Th\u00e9odore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Science Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 &amp; Environnement, UMRI SAPT, Institut National Polytechnique F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt\u2010Boigny Cote d'ivoire Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wandan Eboua","family":"Narcisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Science Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 &amp; Environnement, UMRI SAPT, Institut National Polytechnique F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt\u2010Boigny Cote d'ivoire Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"UN\u2010Habitat. 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