{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:54:28Z","timestamp":1790927668370,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Older adults remain highly vulnerable to severe COVID\u201019 outcomes due to immunosenescence and comorbidities. Although booster vaccination strategies have reduced hospitalizations and mortality, evidence regarding the effectiveness, safety, and immunogenicity of a second COVID\u201019 vaccine booster dose in older adults remains fragmented. This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis protocol aims to critically evaluate the available evidence from randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials (NRCTs) regarding the effectiveness, safety, and immunogenicity of the second COVID\u201019 vaccine booster in older adults worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review of clinical trials will be conducted using PubMed\/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS, without restrictions on publication date or language. Eligible studies will include randomized controlled trials and NRCTs involving older adults aged \u2265\u200960\u2009years who received a second COVID\u201019 vaccine booster dose. Primary outcomes will include measures related to effectiveness, safety, and\/or immunogenicity. Study selection will follow PRISMA\u20102020 guidelines. Risk of bias will be assessed using RoB 2 and ROBINS\u2010I tools, while certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the GRADE approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A narrative synthesis will be performed, and meta\u2010analysis will be conducted whenever methodologically appropriate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review will provide comprehensive evidence regarding second COVID\u201019 booster doses in older adults and may support evidence\u2010based public health strategies and vaccination policies for high\u2010risk populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO registration number: CRD42025644411.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T14:39:31Z","timestamp":1785249571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness, Safety, and Immunogenicity of a Second COVID\u201019 Vaccine Booster in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis Protocol"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Marieli Thomazini Piske","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Public Health Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo (UFES) Vit\u00f3ria Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Valim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Public Health Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo (UFES) Vit\u00f3ria Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2424-6510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Carlos","family":"Lopes\u2010J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Public Health Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo (UFES) Vit\u00f3ria Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","volume-title":"Coronavirus Disease (COVID\u201019) [Internet]","author":"WHO","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","volume-title":"Hist\u00f3rico da pandemia de COVID\u201019\u2014OPAS\/OMS|Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Pan\u2010Americana da Sa\u00fade [Internet]","author":"PAHO","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","volume-title":"WHO COVID\u201019 Dashboard [Internet]","author":"World Health 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