{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:52:34Z","timestamp":1791982354110,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biosafety and infection prevention are essential components of dental clinical training, yet adherence to recommended practices among undergraduate dental students remains variable. This study evaluates biosafety and infection prevention practices among undergraduate dental students at the University of Ha'il College of Dentistry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross\u2010sectional analytical study was conducted among 99 undergraduate dental students undertaking clinical training at the College of Dentistry, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia. A standardized self\u2010administered questionnaire was used to evaluate five biosafety domains: Personal Protective Protocol (PPP), Dental Unit Management Protocol (DUMP), instrument management Protocol (IMP), Waste Management Protocol (WMP), and Ergonomics Protocol (EP). Scores were standardized to reflect levels of compliance. Nonparametric tests (Kruskal\u2013Wallis) were used to compare biosafety practices across clinical departments, and Spearman's correlation analysis (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) was used to examine relationships among biosafety domains, with effect sizes reported as correlation coefficients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Students demonstrated moderate to high adherence across most domains, with the highest compliance in DUMP (mean = 0.78, SD\u2009=\u20090.22) and WMP (mean = 0.78, SD\u2009=\u20090.23). Greater variability was observed in PPP (mean = 0.67, SD\u2009=\u20090.29) and EP (mean = 0.74, SD\u2009=\u20090.33). Statistically significant interdepartmental differences were observed only for DUMP (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.045), with higher adherence in technique\u2010intensive departments. Positive correlations were observed between DUMP and IMP (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.205,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042) and between IMP and WMP (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.264,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008), indicating weak associations between these domains. However, the strength of these correlations is limited. PPP showed no statistically significant correlations with the other domains, suggesting largely independent patterns of behavior.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In general, undergraduate dental students exhibited satisfactory biosafety practices, although notable gaps persist in personal protective behaviors and environmental protection. The observed interdomain correlations highlight the interconnected nature of biosafety compliance. Targeted, department\u2010specific educational interventions and continuous monitoring may strengthen biosafety culture and improve consistency across clinical training environments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:54:58Z","timestamp":1790578498000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of Multidimensional Biosafety Practices in Clinical Dental Training: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5200-6362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah F.","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Dental and Medical Science, College of Dentistry University of Ha'il Ha'il Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6124-0129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Madfa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry University of Ha'il Ha'il Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basel R.","family":"Alkhalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry University of Ha'il Ha'il Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhay M.","family":"Alazaima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry University of Ha'il Ha'il Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamdan A.","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry University of Ha'il Ha'il Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma Z.","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry University of Ha'il Ha'il Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh M.","family":"Aloqla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry University of Ha'il Ha'il Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sattam S.","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry University of Ha'il Ha'il Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2016.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2004.0207"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v4i0.17659"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","volume-title":"WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Health\u2010Care Settings","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","first-page":"317","article-title":"Infection Control Recommendations for the Dental Office","volume":"149","author":"Dental Association A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dental Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0706-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S015","DOI":"10.4103\/1305-7456.119058","article-title":"Attitudes and Practices of Infection Control Among Senior Dental Students at College of Dentistry, University of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"7","author":"Rahman B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2011.75.3.tb05055.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Infection Control Among Dental Students at Sana'a University, Yemen","volume":"7","author":"Halboub E. 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