{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:56:11Z","timestamp":1791186971700,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005117","name":"Birjand University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["457535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["457535"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005117","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Opium, traditionally used for its analgesic and sedative properties, has been widely consumed. Given the conflicting evidence regarding its association with lipid profiles, the present study was conducted to investigate the association between opium consumption and lipid profile parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to May 2025. Search results were screened in two stages by two independent reviewers. Data were extracted and the quality of the included studies was assessed using the JBI checklist. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA\u201017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 36 studies with 5660 opium users and 11,885 controls were included. The meta\u2010analysis revealed a significant reduction in total cholesterol (WMD\u2009=\u2009\u22124.72, 95% CI: \u22128.72 to \u22120.71) and HDL\u2010C (WMD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.95, 95% CI: \u22123.69 to \u22120.22), while no significant associations were observed for triglycerides, LDL\u2010C, Apo\u2010A1, and Apo\u2010B100. Notably, gender\u2010based subgroup analysis showed a significant association with lower TG levels in men and lower TC and LDL\u2010C levels in women. Meta\u2010regression analyses showed no statistically significant association between duration of opiate use and lipid parameters. Also, overall study quality was high with no evidence of publication bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This comprehensive meta\u2010analysis demonstrates that opium consumption is not associated with a clinically favorable lipid profile. While meta\u2010regression revealed nonsignificant positive trends between the duration of opium use and lipid parameters, the overall dyslipidemic pattern indicates an unfavorable cardiovascular risk profile. Future longitudinal and multinational studies with standardized exposure assessment are essential to clarify the dose\u2013response relationships and long\u2010term cardiometabolic consequences of opium use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:01:27Z","timestamp":1787745687000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Opium Consumption and Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Observational Studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh Zahra Gafuori","family":"Fard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1819-853X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaser","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9289-001X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Toxicology &amp; Drug Abuse Research Center Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3184-2126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Mohammad","family":"Riahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15569543.2021.2000434"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-020-00272-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1931-0846.2011.00085.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_5_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24770"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"254","article-title":"Can Opium Abuse Be a Risk Factor for Carotid Stenosis in Patients Who Are Candidates for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting?","volume":"17","author":"Shirani S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiology journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Evaluation of Lipids and Lipoprotein Levels in Opium and Heroin Addicts in Punjabi Population","volume":"9","author":"Qasim A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Esculapio Journal of SIMS"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.148294"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2011.563335"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2013.12062.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.01.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5937\/arhfarm74-47908"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.Ed000142"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604.ch10"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39343.408449.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2017.1359152"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1468"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22062\/jkmu.2022.92010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22122\/ahj.v13i2.294"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91533-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","first-page":"461","article-title":"Impact of Opium Use on the Conventional Coronary Artery Risk Factors Among Outpatients in Afghanistan: A Case\u2010Control Study in Andkhoy City","volume":"15","author":"Hamrah M. 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