{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:48:34Z","timestamp":1792169314169,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004320","name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["29686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["29686"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) remain a leading cause of occupational disability worldwide. Overhead crane operators are frequently exposed to awkward postures that increase the risk of MSDs. While physical conditions are often blamed, the broader organizational and ergonomic context remains underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study employed a grounded theory approach, conducting 52 semi\u2010structured interviews with crane operators and safety personnel in a large Iranian steel company. Transcripts were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding via MAXQDA software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight interrelated categories were identified as contributing factors: individual behavior, communication practices, managerial oversight, physical infrastructure, cabin design, psychological demands, seat ergonomics, and visual limitations. The conceptual model illustrates how these systemic and personal domains converge to reinforce harmful postural patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Addressing postural risk among crane operators requires a holistic ergonomics strategy that incorporates operator feedback, redesign of work environments, and organizational reforms. The proposed model serves as a framework for targeted ergonomic interventions in high\u2010risk industrial settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:08:26Z","timestamp":1790154506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identifying Work\u2010Related Factors Leading to Awkward Postures and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Crane Operators: Insights From a Grounded Theory Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0381-5720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed Barati","family":"Chamgordani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0866-0404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Choobineh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9564-392X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haleh","family":"Ghaem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6830-3046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Shakerian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2019.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001391659402600204"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8141(99)00054-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12371"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-8141(94)00080-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","volume-title":"The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research","author":"Glaser B. 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