{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:54:28Z","timestamp":1790927668397,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social participation is recognized as an important determinant of public health and has been associated with cognitive function, quality of life, well\u2010being, and reduced mortality. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Social Participation Questionnaire (SPQ\u2010P).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional psychometric validation study was conducted from February to June 2024 in Babol, Iran. The SPQ was translated and culturally adapted into Persian following standard procedures. Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) was used to assess construct validity, while internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 500 participants with a mean age of 31.34\u2009\u00b1\u20096.66 years were included. CATPCA identified a two\u2010component structure explaining 68.4% of the total variance (95% CI: 62.1\u201368.5%). The first component (42.1% of the variance) demonstrated strong loadings (&gt;\u20090.70) for Q2, Q3, Q8, and Q9, representing General Social Engagement. The second component (23.2% of the variance) showed high loadings for Q4, Q5, and Q10, representing Context\u2010Specific Participation. Cluster analysis identified three distinct participation profiles. Internal consistency was acceptable for both components (Cronbach's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.76 [95% CI: 0.72\u20130.80] and 0.68 [95% CI: 0.63\u20130.73], respectively, and discriminant validity was supported by low cross\u2010loadings (&lt;\u20090.30).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SPQ\u2010P demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability for assessing social participation among Persian\u2010speaking populations. The structure of the identified components confirms the multidimensional nature of social participation, especially in the two dimensions of \u201cgeneral social participation\u201d and \u201ccontext\u2010dependent participation\u201d. In addition, cluster analysis revealed distinct participation profiles, including highly engaged, context\u2010specialized, and minimally involved groups, highlighting the questionnaire's ability to discriminate between different patterns of social participation. These findings support the applicability of the SPQ\u2010P as a useful instrument for public health research and population\u2010based assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T06:22:36Z","timestamp":1785046956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Persian Version of the Social Participation Questionnaire: Translation, Cross\u2010Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Evaluation Using Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA): A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6538-4146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neda Ahmadzadeh","family":"Tori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Health Research Institute Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1883-9838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mina","family":"Galeshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Development Unite of Rouhani Hospital Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5570-3710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid","family":"Sharif\u2010Nia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychosomatic Research Center Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8880-1916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Ghoorchaiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9260-3655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safieh","family":"Faghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Zeyinab (P.B.U.H) School of nursing and Midwifery Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7331-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahed","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences and Technology Hamadan University of medical sciences Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4123-7632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aram","family":"Tirgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4390-5606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariush","family":"Moslemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy &amp; 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