{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:54:25Z","timestamp":1790927665072,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scabies is a highly contagious parasitic skin disease and neglected tropical disease disproportionately affecting populations in poverty and fragile health systems. In Afghanistan, evidence on its environmental and socioeconomic determinants remains scarce. This case\u2010control study aimed to identify demographic, socioeconomic, household, and behavioral risk factors associated with scabies among patients attending dermatology clinics in Kabul province.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A clinic\u2010based case\u2010control study was conducted between March 2024 and May 2025, enrolling 410 participants (210 microscopically confirmed cases, 200 controls). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses identified independent predictors of scabies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In multivariable analysis, reduced bathing frequency was the strongest independent predictor (OR\u2009=\u200922.11, CI: 9.19\u201353.15 for 2\u20133 times\/week vs. \u2265\u20094 times\/week), followed by suboptimal personal hygiene (OR\u2009=\u20098.06, CI: 3.19\u201320.38), sharing blankets (OR\u2009=\u20096.43, CI: 3.20\u201312.92), sharing clothes (OR\u2009=\u20093.98, CI: 1.72\u20139.22), and living in a mud house (OR\u2009=\u20093.65, CI: 1.86\u20137.17 vs. apartment). Protective factors included brick housing (OR\u2009=\u20090.048, CI: 0.008\u20130.29), female gender (OR\u2009=\u20090.32, CI: 0.14\u20130.75), employment (OR\u2009=\u20090.31, CI: 0.11\u20130.84), and age \u2265\u200945 years (OR\u2009=\u20090.32, CI: 0.13\u20130.77).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scabies in Afghanistan is strongly driven by environmental deprivation, inadequate housing, poor hygiene, and material\u2010sharing practices. These findings underscore the need for integrated control strategies combining case management and mass drug administration with improvements in housing quality, water access, sanitation, hygiene promotion, and health education within Afghanistan's fragile health system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T20:55:27Z","timestamp":1785272127000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Case\u2010Control Study of Risk Factors for Scabies Among Patients Attending Dermatology Clinics in Afghanistan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Matiullah","family":"Alimzai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sciences Research Center Ghalib University Kabul Afghanistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1847-7451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayed Hussain","family":"Mosawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sciences Research Center Ghalib University Kabul Afghanistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahamd Jamshid","family":"Mehrpoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sciences Research Center Ghalib University Kabul Afghanistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayed Hussain","family":"Amiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Para\u2010Clinic, Faculty of Curative Medicine Shifa University Kabul Afghanistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadia","family":"Azami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sciences Research Center Ghalib University Kabul Afghanistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadia","family":"Azizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sciences Research Center Ghalib University Kabul Afghanistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Saboor","family":"Siraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sciences Research Center Ghalib University Kabul Afghanistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Wakil","family":"Qarluq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sciences Research Center Ghalib University Kabul Afghanistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Adamopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Policy, Sector of Occupational &amp; Environmental Health, School of Public Health University of West Attica Athens Greece"},{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Program in MSc Public Health Policies at Hellenic Open University School of Social Science Patra Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5399-0552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aida Vafae","family":"Eslahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2636-0824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milad","family":"Badri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009661"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073675"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-021-00348-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30483-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life12101598"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013853"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Norwegian Scabies in a 70\u2010Year\u2010Old Renal Transplant Recipient: A Case Report","volume":"18","author":"Eslahi A. 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