{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:54:34Z","timestamp":1790927674197,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Air pollution represents a critical public health crisis in Bangladesh, driven by rapid industrialization, urbanization, and widespread emissions from brick kilns, traffic, and biomass burning. Elevated levels of fine particulate matter and toxic gases across both urban and rural regions contributes to significant reductions in life expectancy and escalating respiratory disease burdens. Therefore, the present review aims to examine the role of fine\/ultrafine particulate matter and hazardous gases in respiratory health outcomes among the Bangladeshi population to synthesize evidence that can inform public health policy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 42 studies to obtain data related to the fine\/ultrafine particulate matter and hazardous gases and their impact on respiratory health in Bangladesh from scientific databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Directory of Open Access Journals, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library between 2013 and 2025 (last 12 years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Findings indicated that PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      concentrations in major cities such as Dhaka, Chattogram, and Khulna exceed WHO guidelines by 8 to 18 times, with consistent hotspots linked to industrial zones, brick kilns, transportation, and seasonal biomass burning. These pollutants are strongly associated with increased prevalence of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis, acute respiratory infections, and hospital admissions, particularly among children, the elderly, and occupational groups. The discussion underscores severe monitoring gaps in peri\u2010urban and rural areas, where exposure remains under\u2010characterized despite comparable pollution levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings of the present review indicates that the urgent regulatory enforcement, enhanced air quality monitoring, and targeted public health interventions are essential to mitigate respiratory health risks and reduce the nationwide burden of air pollution in Bangladesh. Furthermore, comprehensive geological and environmental monitoring studies are required across all districts to fully characterize exposure and guide effective public health interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T12:08:21Z","timestamp":1785499701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exposure to Airborne Particulate Matter in Regional Environments of Bangladesh and Its Effects on Respiratory Health: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5607-3573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. M. Ferdousul","family":"Haque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy State University of Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1464-7115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad A","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1531-4443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Sharifur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Khalid","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9616-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Shafiul","family":"Hossen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy State University of Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10962247.2018.1548388"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-020-00940-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5094\/APR.2013.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15204975"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2009.12.0082"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-023-12046-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2515-7620\/ac77e0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02755-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1382471"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"1597","article-title":"Policing Federal Supremacy: Preemption and Common Law Damage Claims as a Ceiling to the Clean Air Act Regulatory Floor","volume":"68","author":"Kalen S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Florida Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2025.102744"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frsc.2021.681759"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/BJAST\/2014\/11247"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-025-01768-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2020.07.0371"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/japh.v8i3.13785"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34104\/ajpab.024.039051"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"Quantifying the Relationship of Vegetation Cover and Air Pollution: A Spatiotemporal Analysis of PM2.5 and NDVI in Greater Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"7","author":"Kulsum U.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Jagannath University of Journal Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143161"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e41809"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-024-13531-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/dujees.v13i2.79465"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/japh.v5i1.2857"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40068-023-00327-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/JBAU.176765"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/jnujsci.v11i2.84162"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-025-08023-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geogeo.2025.100397"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29150\/2237-2202.2023.257250"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-023-01423-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojap.2015.42009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2023.119587"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2024.120497"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e25420"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2515-7620\/acb90d"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20431\/2454-9444.0602003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26554\/ijems.2022.6.3.88-97"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","first-page":"1037","article-title":"GIS\u2010Based Spatial Mapping of the Atmospheric Particulate Pollutant (PM2.5 and PM10) at Mymensingh City Corporation Areas of Bangladesh","volume":"14","author":"Hossain M. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Materials and Environmental Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Indoor Air Pollution and Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infection Among Children in Rural Area of Bangladesh","volume":"4","author":"Azad S. Y.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","unstructured":"D.Sanjeev Characterizing Particulate Air Pollution in Rural Areas of Bangladesh Using a Network of Low\u2010Cost Sensors.2023 https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/4acrdcz6."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.103864"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/tpc\/128302"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e12852"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/dujees.v11i2.68840"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59110\/jeicc.v1i1.56"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","first-page":"1373","article-title":"Assessment of Air Quality Parameters of Urban and Rural Areas in Selected Districts of Bangladesh","volume":"16","author":"Ani S. A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Materials and Environmental Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/jbau.v16i2.37966"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.03.077"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Dust Particle (Pm10 and PM2.5) Monitoring for Air Quality Assessment in Naryanganj and Munshiganj, Bangladesh","volume":"25","author":"Begum B. A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nuclear Science and Applications"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Spatial Distribution of Air Quality in Lakshmipur District Town, Bangladesh: A Winter Time Observation","volume":"2","author":"Majumder A. K.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Multidiscipilinary International Journal of Research and Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021WR030241"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.3970"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.985445"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","volume-title":"WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines: Particulate Matter (PM2. 5 and PM10), Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","volume-title":"World Air Quality Report","author":"IQAir","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15071382"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61424\/ijans.v3i3.541"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2024.107898"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.110754"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72925","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.72925","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72925","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:17:01Z","timestamp":1790925421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.72925"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.72925"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.72925","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e72925"}}