{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:54:28Z","timestamp":1790927668309,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the patterns of domestic violence among pregnant women residing in rural and urban areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross\u2010sectional comparative study included 500 pregnant women (250 rural, 250 urban) attending the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Domestic violence was measured using the 25\u2010item Domestic Violence Scale, covering seven domains: neglect, psychological, spiritual, verbal, economic, physical, and sexual violence. Independent variables included residence, age, education, occupation, socioeconomic status, trimester, and awareness of support services. Group comparisons were performed using the Chi\u2010square and the Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests. Linear regression analysis identified factors independently associated with domestic violence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rural women had significantly higher domestic violence scores than urban women (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with lower awareness of support services (22.0% vs. 70.6%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). All violence domains were significantly higher in rural participants (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Regression analysis showed urban residence was associated with lower violence scores (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22127.04;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while the third trimester was associated with higher scores (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092.58;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039); other variables were not significant after adjustment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnant women residing in rural areas demonstrated greater vulnerability to domestic violence. In the adjusted analysis, urban residence was associated with lower violence scores, whereas the third trimester was associated with increased scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>N\/A<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T06:15:34Z","timestamp":1785737734000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Domestic Violence Among Pregnant Women in Rural and Urban Areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4098-9601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saima","family":"Khattak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2763-076X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syeda Sitwat","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3906-5826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumayya","family":"Asif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Darulshifa Hospital Mardan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2759-4414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sundas Taj","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0763-6700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ale Azad","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4556-1995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waqas","family":"Naseem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2414-1738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shehroz","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6133-3349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asif","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bath Spa University Bath UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0971097320130120"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.738459"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02664-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/46.2.200"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2025.151993"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-023-00598-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-023-01999-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248630"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0275950"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-082570"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518786499"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review of Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy and Its Adverse Effects on Maternal and Fetal Health","volume":"15","author":"Agarwal S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","first-page":"180","article-title":"Domestic Violence Against Pregnant Women and Its Effects on Their Reproductive Health","volume":"46","author":"Eshan S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rawal Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2024.2419055"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518787809"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v23i4.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13040440"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-023-01222-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-02095-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910011"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440241251989"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1174143"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Strategies and Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Domestic Violence Against Women in Pakistan","volume":"57","author":"Ali T. 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