{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:53:57Z","timestamp":1790927637539,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present systematic review and meta\u2010analysis aimed to investigate the effect of fenugreek supplementation on key liver enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched from 1990 up to April 2025. Clinical trials examining the effects of fenugreek supplements on liver enzymes, specifically ALP, ALT and AST, were included in the study if they met the inclusion criteria. Random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis was employed to calculate pooled weighted mean differences (WMD) and standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). To evaluate statistical heterogeneity, the I\u2010squared (I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) statistic was used.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen studies were included, involving a total of 1171 participants. Results indicated that fenugreek supplementation had no significant effect on ALP (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.21, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22120.44, 0.03), AST (WMD\u2009=\u20090.03 IU\/L, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u20130.12 to 0.18), and ALT (WMD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.41 IU\/L, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22123.07, 0.26). However, a significant reduction in ALP was observed for a dose of more than 1\u2009g\/day.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fenugreek didn't affect ALT and AST. However, there is potential benefit at doses \u2265\u20091\u2009g\/day regarding ALP. Further research should investigate effective doses in homogeneous populations and evaluating safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:52:58Z","timestamp":1785909178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effect of Fenugreek (\n                    <i>Trigonella foenum\u2010graecum<\/i>\n                    ) Supplementation on Liver Function Enzymes; a Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5919-2903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Mohit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3130-9261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melika","family":"Mahmoudizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian College of Integrative Medicine (CCIM) Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6700-9304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Hashem","family":"Hashempur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitra","family":"Soltani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Kazemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.04.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2023.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15852"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Applications of Functional Foods in Disease Prevention","author":"Pathan A. 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