{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:54:06Z","timestamp":1790927646980,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rhino\u2010orbital mucormycosis (ROM) emerged as a severe complication during the COVID\u201019 era, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Computed tomography (CT) plays a critical role in early detection and assessment of disease extent. This study aimed to describe the CT imaging features of pathology\u2010confirmed ROM and to evaluate their associations with orbital involvement, particularly proptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective, imaging\u2010based study included patients with histopathologically confirmed ROM who underwent noncontrast paranasal sinus CT. CT scans were systematically reviewed for sinus opacification, bone erosion, laterality, orbital involvement, intracranial extension, and proptosis using predefined operational criteria by a single experienced head and neck radiologist. Proptosis was assessed on axial CT images using the interzygomatic line method. Associations between imaging findings and proptosis were assessed using two\u2010sided Fisher exact tests with Benjamini\u2013Hochberg false\u2010discovery\u2010rate (FDR) correction for multiple comparisons; a Firth penalized logistic regression was fitted as an exploratory multivariable analysis because of data separation. Given the retrospective imaging\u2010based design, all analyses are regarded as descriptive and hypothesis\u2010generating.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 89 included patients, 47 (52.8%) were male, and 42 (47.2%) were female, with a mean age of 56.25\u2009\u00b1\u200912.42 years. The most common radiologic finding was opacification of the maxillary sinus (87.6%), followed by the ethmoid sinus (84.3%) and sphenoid sinus (69.7%). In exploratory, unadjusted analyses, ethmoid sinus opacification was more frequent in patients with proptosis than in those without (100.0% vs. 79.4%; two\u2010sided Fisher exact\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.034), and patients with sphenoid sinus opacification were older than those without (58.4\u2009\u00b1\u200910.8 vs. 51.4\u2009\u00b1\u200914.5 years; Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028). After Benjamini\u2013Hochberg correction of the proptosis comparisons for multiple testing, no association remained statistically significant (all\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2265\u20090.25); the age comparison was not part of this correction. All findings are therefore descriptive and hypothesis\u2010generating.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CT imaging demonstrates characteristic patterns of sinus, bony, and orbital involvement in ROM. The associations observed between specific CT findings and proptosis were exploratory and did not persist after correction for multiple testing; they should therefore be regarded as hypothesis\u2010generating rather than predictive, while still supporting the value of systematic CT assessment in describing disease extent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T05:54:17Z","timestamp":1786082057000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Computed Tomography Findings in Pathology\u2010Confirmed Rhino\u2010Orbital Mucormycosis During the COVID\u201019 Era: A Retrospective Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8974-3561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Naraghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Rhinology Research Society Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hashem","family":"Sharifian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Amiralam Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Medical Imaging Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4564-2545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nassib Musa","family":"Isiyaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology Research Society Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Amiralam Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0251-1712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Babaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology Research Society Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5845394"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9010045"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20176614"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.899"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2709.210934"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13334"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13351"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","volume-title":"Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis","author":"Bhandari J.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23132"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/465919"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7080616"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2023.102557"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2023.101393"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjrcr.20210111"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00237-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1565_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07544-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13091546"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1219_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrnm.2018.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43055-021-00631-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-022-03430-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","volume-title":"Anatomy, Head and Neck, Nose Paranasal Sinuses (","author":"Cappello Z. 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