{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:53:49Z","timestamp":1790927629579,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM) is a rare, chronic inflammatory breast condition with uncertain etiology and challenging management. Standard treatments often involve corticosteroids or surgery, both associated with significant relapse and adverse effects. Recent interest has emerged in using antibiotics such as Trimethoprim\u2010Sulfamethoxazole (TMP\u2010SMX) due to potential antimicrobial and anti\u2010inflammatory benefits, though evidence remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of TMP\u2010SMX compared to conventional therapies in female patients diagnosed with histologically confirmed IGM. Patients were categorized into the TMP\u2010SMX and control groups. Primary outcomes included treatment response and recurrence rates; secondary outcomes assessed changes in lesion size, clinical severity, and adverse events. Statistical analyzes included Chi\u2010square, Fisher's exact test, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Complete clinical remission was achieved in 70.8% of TMP\u2010SMX (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200924) patients versus 51.2% in the control (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200943) group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.12). Recurrence rates were comparable between groups (37.5% in the TMP\u2010SMX group vs. 27.9% in the control group,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.51). TMP\u2010SMX patients showed trends toward reduced lesion size and milder disease, although differences were not statistically significant. Adverse events were less frequent in the TMP\u2010SMX group, except for transient fatigue (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides evidence that TMP\u2010SMX is a safe and clinically effective alternative to corticosteroid\u2010based regimens for managing idiopathic IGM. TMP\u2010SMX demonstrated comparable efficacy, including favorable trends in lesion regression and disease severity improvement, with notably fewer systemic adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T05:52:16Z","timestamp":1786427536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trimethoprim\u2010Sulfamethoxazole in the Treatment of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6213-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soheila","family":"Sayad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Firoozgar Clinical Research Development Center (FCRDC) Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics, School of Pharmacy Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8968-7173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Ahmadinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Transplantation Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD) Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Eshraghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics, School of Pharmacy Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7142-1089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Aslani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics, School of Pharmacy Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8634-0801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Farasatinasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics, School of Pharmacy Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 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Granulomatous Mastitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Treatment Modalities in 83 Patients From Southern Thailand","volume":"43","author":"Puttawibul P.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Health Science and Medical 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