{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:54:03Z","timestamp":1790927643559,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human T\u2010cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV\u20101) is a retrovirus that is associated to adult T\u2010cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV\u20101\u2013associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP) as two major diseases of the virus. Due to limited data on its prevalence in general populations in Tehran and as this virus is endemic in Iran, this study aimed to assess HTLV\u20101 prevalence among patients attending the triage unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital during 2024\u20132025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross\u2010sectional study conducted between 2024 and 2025, patients presenting to the triage unit were randomly selected. Exclusion criteria included active infection with HBV, HCV, or HIV, and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). After obtaining informed consent, 5\u2009mL of whole blood was collected from each participant. The DNJIA kit (ROJE Technologies, Iran) was used to extract DNA. We used primers that targeted the HBZ and Tax regions of the viral genome to do PCR amplification to find HTLV\u20101.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of 197 individuals enrolled in this cross\u2010sectional study, 1 participant (0.51%) was positive for HTLV\u20101. The HTLV\u20101\u2010positive case was a 40\u2010year\u2010old single male with a history of both blood transfusion and prior surgery, but no history of organ transplantation, substance addiction, or travel. Most of the people who took part were men (54.3%) and married (58.9%), and their average age was 39.7\u2009\u00b1\u200912.1 years. Fisher's exact test showed a statistically significant association between HTLV\u20101 positivity and a history of blood transfusion (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015) and a significant link with a history of surgery (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.020). History of blood transfusion, organ transplantation, surgery, and addiction were reported by 3 (1.5%), 1 (0.5%), 4 (2.0%), and 1 (0.5%) participants, respectively. Foreign travel was reported by 77 (39.1%) participants, whereas 100 (50.8%) had a history of domestic travel. The most frequently visited foreign destinations were Turkey (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200925) and the United Arab Emirates (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920). Among domestic destinations, the most commonly visited cities were Isfahan (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200922) and Mazandaran (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The only positive case (0.51%) had known risk factors associated to HTLV\u20101 infection including prior surgery and blood transfusion. Given the higher reported prevalence of HTLV\u20101 in endemic regions including Iran, and the increased risk among certain populations\u2014such as individuals with a history of intravenous drug use, multiple sexual partners, or co\u2010infection with other viruses\u2014future studies should focus on these high\u2010risk groups and the virus prevalence over time. Targeted screening in such populations may provide a more accurate picture of the virus's distribution during different time frames for more effective control and prevention measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T05:32:31Z","timestamp":1786512751000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low Prevalence of Human T\u2010Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV\u20101) in a Hospital Triage Population in Tehran During 2024\u20132025"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0415-0239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arash","family":"Letafati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Virology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Virology, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shima Sadeghipour","family":"Marvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Virology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negar Asghari","family":"Hosori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Virology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghazale","family":"Molaverdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center Alborz University of Medical Sciences Alborz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Esfandiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Research Center (SSRC) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nima Afshar","family":"Moghadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Research Center (SSRC) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7998-9759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shabnam","family":"Siavoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Virology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Norouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4570-2252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayed\u2010Hamidreza","family":"Mozhgani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine Alborz University of Medical Sciences Alborz Iran"},{"name":"Non\u2010communicable Diseases Research Center Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1922884117"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v17050664"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2011.00648.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14010100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fitd.2021.824067"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.914498"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1521629112"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00063-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v14n03_04"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ145"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trae127"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veaa053"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15010022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","unstructured":"WHO Human T\u2010Lymphotropic Virus Type 1: Technical Report(WHO 2021) https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240020221."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/aim.2020.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-024-00656-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2021.101631"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200312150-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00388"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-017-0693-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(88)80120-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00078-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202063260604"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009915"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2011.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v8020040"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","first-page":"196","article-title":"A Systematic Review for Estimation of HTLV\u2010I Infection in the Blood Donors of Iran","volume":"16","author":"Hedayati\u2010Moghaddam M. R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Population\u2010Based Seroprevalence of HTLV\u2010I Infection in Golestan Province, South East of Caspian Sea, Iran","volume":"16","author":"Kalavi K.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","article-title":"High Prevalence of HTLV\u20101 Infection Among Hemodialysis Patients in Neyshabur, Northeast of Iran","volume":"6","author":"Hedayati\u2010Moghaddam M. R.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Infection"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of Human T\u2010Cell Lymphotropic Virus 1 Infection in Hemodialysis Patients: Should We Be Concerned about It?","volume":"7","author":"Ghaffari J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24448"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-024-02051-0"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.73040","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.73040","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.73040","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:13:00Z","timestamp":1790925180000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.73040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.73040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.73040","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73040"}}