{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:54:06Z","timestamp":1790927646938,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Workplace ostracism is a form of social exclusion that can undermine employee well\u2010being and organizational effectiveness. In Lebanon's socio\u2010political and economic crisis context, where job\u2010related stress is high, this study explores the impact of workplace ostracism on interpersonal conflict and job satisfaction, investigating the mediating roles of self\u2010esteem and psychological distress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our cross\u2010sectional study covered 650 Lebanese workers (mean age of 32.15\u2009\u00b1\u200910.32 years; 59.1% female; while 72.8% from the private sector). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the mediating roles of self\u2010esteem and psychological distress in the associations between workplace ostracism, interpersonal conflict, and job satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychological distress and self\u2010esteem both mediated the association between ostracism and interpersonal conflict, with distress showing the stronger indirect effect. For job satisfaction, only self\u2010esteem acted as a significant mediator.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study offers insights into psychological pathways through which ostracism affects organizational outcomes. The findings emphasize practical interventions \u2010such as mental support, self\u2010esteem building, and culturally sensitive strategies\u2010 that foster inclusivity and reduce conflict while encouraging further research across diverse organizational and contextual settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T09:54:18Z","timestamp":1787133258000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Mediating Roles of Self\u2010Esteem and Psychological Distress on the Link of Workplace Ostracism to Interpersonal Conflict and Job Satisfaction: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3484-4072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verginia","family":"Moubarak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Medical Sciences Holy Spirit University of Kaslik Jounieh Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2310-2160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melyssa","family":"Assaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Medical Sciences Holy Spirit University of Kaslik Jounieh Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1817-6146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabih","family":"Hallit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Medical Sciences Holy Spirit University of Kaslik Jounieh Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Bellevue Medical Center Mansourieh Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Notre Dame des Secours, University Hospital Center Byblos Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2436-850X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Malaeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Gulf Medical University Ajman United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3611-3288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sami","family":"El Khatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bekaa Campus Lebanese International University, Khiyara Bekaa Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5191-3497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariam","family":"Dabbous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Lebanese International University Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6905-5814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fouad","family":"Sakr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Lebanese International University Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0735-4704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sahar","family":"Obeid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Education, School of Arts and Sciences Lebanese American University Jbeil Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2569-8017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feten","family":"Fekih\u2010Romdhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of psychiatry \u201cIbn Omrane\u201d Razi Hospital Manouba Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis Tunis El Manar University Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6918-5689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souheil","family":"Hallit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Medical Sciences Holy Spirit University of Kaslik Jounieh Lebanon"},{"name":"Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"217","article-title":"Perceived Exclusion in the Workplace: The Moderating Effects of Gender on Work\u2010Related Attitudes and Psychological Health","volume":"8","author":"Hitlan R. 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