{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:43:15Z","timestamp":1792410195037,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients may experience more stress and the healthcare system may incur greater expenditures as a result of doctors ordering too many tests. In order to assess the suitability of testing, the Mean Abnormal Result Rate (MARR) metric\u2014defined as the percentage of tests having abnormal results\u2014was created. Data on how the COVID\u201019 epidemic changed test ordering patterns and the corresponding MARR are limited, despite the fact that it greatly increased the demand for laboratory testing, including several tests with no evidence to justify their usage. This study aims to examine MARR in the internal medicine and surgical departments, as well as the emergency and outpatient departments, of Sina Hospital in Tabriz, Iran during the COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laboratory test results from Sina Hospital's internal medicine and surgical departments, as well as the emergency and outpatient departments, were examined in this cross\u2010sectional study between March 21, 2021, and March 20, 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The emergency department's mean MARR was 30% (95% CI: 29.8%\u201330.2%) versus 27% (95% CI: 26.9%\u201327.1%) in the outpatient department; this difference was not statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.9). MARR showed wide monthly fluctuations, and a time\u2010series analysis revealed a negative but non\u2010significant association between monthly test volume and MARR (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.114). After the emergence of new viral variants, MARR decreased from a median of 41% (months 1\u20136) to 27% (months 7\u201312), with a borderline significant difference (exact\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.065).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No significant difference in MARR was observed between clinical settings or specialties. Although MARR and test volume exhibited an inverse temporal pattern, the association was not statistically significant after accounting for autocorrelation. The decline in MARR during the variant wave was borderline significant. MARR may serve as a supplementary metric for monitoring test selectivity, but individual\u2010level data are needed to assess physician experience or clinical appropriateness directly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:54:24Z","timestamp":1790139264000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Examining Test Order Appropriateness Using Mean Abnormal Result Rate in Inpatient and Outpatient Care: A Retrospective Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Parastou","family":"Gorovanchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology School of Medicine,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parham","family":"Panahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kazan Federal University Kazan Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Farrokhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasoul Hossein","family":"Zadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student's Study Committee Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3409-0636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Baradaran\u2010Binazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Study Center Health Management and Safety Promotion Study Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8551-9095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasoul","family":"Estakhri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/E9QPVQ6G2FBVMJ3B"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-6-88"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e318272010c"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/jalm.2016.021634"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPX1HIEM4KLGNU"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.6.550"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078962"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2018-0045"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guida Sintetica Alla Diagnostica Della Malattia Da Coronavirus 2019 (COVID\u201019)","volume":"44","author":"Lippi G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochimica Clinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2022-0306"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"1333","article-title":"SiBioC EBo. 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