{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:56:07Z","timestamp":1791186967010,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) can erode trust in vaccines and contribute to immunization dropout. Caregivers usually observe an AEFI first and decide whether it is reported and whether the child returns for later doses, yet their knowledge and perception are rarely assessed together. This study assessed caregivers' knowledge and perception of AEFI, and associated factors, in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This hospital\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study included 368 caregivers presenting children for routine vaccination at three hospitals in Osogbo between October 15, 2025, and February 2, 2026, selected by proportionate systematic random sampling. A pretested, self\u2010administered questionnaire captured sociodemographic characteristics and 10 knowledge and 10 perception items; scores were graded poor (0\u20133), fair (4\u20136), or good (7\u201310). Associated factors were examined with Pearson's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      test, independent predictors with multinomial logistic regression (good grade as reference), and correlation with Pearson's\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      . All tests were two\u2010sided; significance was set at\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 (SPSS version 27.0).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Most caregivers had good knowledge (254; 69.0%) and good perception (220; 59.8%), but only 216 (58.7%) knew an AEFI may occur without a causal link to the vaccine. Age group and residential status were associated with knowledge; these, plus educational and occupational status and socioeconomic class, were associated with perception (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Caregivers aged 25\u201334 years (AOR 0.30, 95% CI 0.089\u20130.998) and those living within Osogbo (AOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.225\u20130.84) had lower odds of fair versus good knowledge. Knowledge and perception scores were moderately correlated (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.442,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Knowledge and perception of AEFI were largely good, yet many caregivers attribute every post\u2010vaccination event to the vaccine. Interventions targeting caregivers with lower education, lower socioeconomic status and peri\u2010urban residence, delivered through immunization clinics, community leaders and social media, may improve AEFI literacy and reduce vaccine hesitancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:13:58Z","timestamp":1787739238000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Knowledge and Perception of Caregivers Regarding Adverse Events Following Immunization and Associated Predictors at Hospitals in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8363-2894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Funso Abidemi","family":"Olagunju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7484-1409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel Olorunyomi","family":"Oninla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7753-8330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunday Charles","family":"Adeyemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Superieur de Sante Niamey Niger Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2934-8775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abimbola Ololade","family":"Odeyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7702-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kehinde","family":"Awodele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Osun State University Teaching Hospital Osogbo Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efeturi","family":"Agelebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Bowen University Iwo Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1115-4167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abisola Oluwatoyin","family":"Omoboyeje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muritala Adewale","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayodeji Oluwaseun","family":"Ogungbemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7199-5395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayodele Raphael","family":"Ajayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Medicine Afe Babalola University Ado\u2010Ekiti Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4679-3637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eniola Dorcas","family":"Olabode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Superieur de Sante Niamey Niger Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oladunni","family":"Opeyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department Adeleke University Ede Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olusola Adetunji","family":"Oyedeji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Osun State University Teaching Hospital Osogbo Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01526"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Adverse Events Following Immunization Reporting and Impact on Immunization Services in Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya: A Prospective Mixed\u2010Method Study","volume":"40","author":"Malande O. O.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pan African Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.02.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264697"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7010028"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jomt.jomt_45_19"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Knowledge and Communication of Adverse Reactions Following Immunization Among Caregivers and Health Workers in Ilorin, Nigeria","volume":"4","author":"Issa\u2010Onilu M. O.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Al\u2010Hikmah Journal of Health Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1995-7645.372292"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.116232"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/njp.v48i1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0357-6_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2008-2231-20-44"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56572\/gjoee.2022.33.1.0029"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1996327001104030114"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","unstructured":"A.Leontis \u201cKnowledge and Perception: An Overview \u201d accessed March 3 2026 https:\/\/www.philosophos.org\/epistemology-perception-and-knowledge."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.23533"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su15076107"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3745298"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Assessment of Mothers' Knowledge and Practices Regarding Adverse Events Following Immunization of Children in a Rural Area of Tripura","volume":"8","author":"Datta A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"National Journal of Community Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X15002496"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-022-00909-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10742-024-00333-6"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.73058","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.73058","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.73058","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:45:10Z","timestamp":1791186310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.73058"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.73058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.73058","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73058"}}