{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T12:41:01Z","timestamp":1792413661042,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Energy drinks (EDs) are growing more popular among university students, driving concerns about their health implications and risky behavior. This study provides an updated assessment of the prevalence of ED use among students at the American University of Beirut (AUB), its relationship with behavioral risk factors and the extent of students' knowledge about the health risks associated with ED consumption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional survey was conducted among university students at AUB, using a structured questionnaire in both Arabic and English. It included questions on demographics, ED consumption patterns, behavioral risk factors, and health knowledge. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Audit\u2010C) was utilized to assess alcohol use disorders. The study included students currently enrolled at AUB aged 18\u201325 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 253 students participated. The study found that 61.0% (105\/172) of participants reported having consumed EDs, with 62.8% (105\/172) consuming them rarely, and 9.4% (14\/148) consuming them daily. Males and undergraduates showed higher consumption rates. Significant associations were observed between ED consumption and behavioral risk factors, such as smoking and mixing EDs with alcohol. In multivariable analysis, mixing alcohol with EDs significantly increased the risk of alcohol use disorders (adjusted odds ratio\u2009=\u200911.9, 95% CI: 2.81\u201351.06,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.001). Smoking was also independently associated with increased alcohol\u2010related risk (adjusted odds ratio\u2009=\u200910.99, 95% CI: 2.73\u201344.11;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) Despite a high level of health risk awareness, misconceptions, and myths about the health effects of EDs persisted among some students.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study reveals a high prevalence of energy drink consumption among AUB students, linked to various behavioral risks. Although students are generally aware of health risks, misconceptions persist. Public health education is essential to address these issues and encourage safer consumption. Further research should investigate the factors influencing ED use and its effects on students' health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:46:59Z","timestamp":1790138819000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Energy Drink Consumption Patterns, Behavioral Risks and Health Knowledge Among University Students in Beirut, Lebanon: An Updated Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Fatimah","family":"Salih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2019-4362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hani","family":"Tamim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon"},{"name":"College of Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","article-title":"Effects of Caffeinated Energy Drinks on Cerebellum of Male Albino Rats","volume":"4","author":"Bano S. S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of CMH LMC and IOD"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16390"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12775\/JEHS.2024.61.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.597613"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/sjph-2021-0031"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030715"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827618803069"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","unstructured":"V. B.Udoh \u201cInfluence of Social Media Fearless Energy Drink Advertising Purchasing Behaviour of the Undergraduates of University of Benin\u201d (PhD diss. Department of Mass Communication Faculty of Arts University of Benin 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-021-00719-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08901171221113521"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ijhrba.18857"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232199"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15245"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980015000191"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14659891.2019.1666311"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Patterns of Energy Drinks Consumption in Leisure, Sports and Academic Activities Among a Group of Students Attending University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina","volume":"32","author":"\u0160ljivo A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annali di Igiene: Medicina Preventiva e di Comunita"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13281"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13755-018-0056-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00225"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3928717"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147531"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2020.1817036"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093019"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14659891.2022.2144501"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2020-100389"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2023.90"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.73077","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.73077","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.73077","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:49:58Z","timestamp":1792410598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.73077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.73077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.73077","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73077"}}