{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:54:11Z","timestamp":1790927651237,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lung cancer in lifelong never\u2010smokers represents a significant public health burden, although it is underappreciated. Lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS) accounts for a substantial proportion of lung cancer cases, representing ~15%\u201325% depending on the geographic region. If considered as a separate disease entity, LCINS would represent a major cause of cancer\u2010related mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Importantly, never\u2010smokers with lung cancer have distinct epidemiology, molecular alterations, and therapeutic opportunities that differ from those of tobacco\u2010related lung cancer. This perspective addresses lung cancer in lifelong never\u2010smokers from four perspectives: epidemiology and incidence, molecular landscape and treatment, screening and early detection, and public health strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This perspective highlights that a comprehensive approach to lung cancer in never\u2010smokers can meaningfully reduce the burden of disease through comprehensive screening approaches, stringent environmental regulations, molecular characterization of cancer, and educational approaches aimed at preventing disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  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