{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:55:56Z","timestamp":1791186956895,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Malaria remains a major health crisis in tropical regions, with Sub\u2010Saharan Africa bearing the heaviest burden. While insecticide\u2010treated nets and artemisinin\u2010based combination therapies (ACTs) have reduced cases, emerging parasite resistance to artemisinin threatens these gains. This review synthesizes evidence on how drug resistance impacts malaria transmission and control globally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420261336060). A comprehensive search of PubMed\/MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science, supplemented by hand\u2010searching and grey literature, identified studies published between January 2011 and December 2025. Of 897,299 initial records, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria after screening and quality assessment using JBI, the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale, and Cochrane RoB 2 tools. Data were summarized thematically; meta\u2010analysis was not conducted due to heterogeneity and varying bias. Sensitivity analysis confirmed robustness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Drug resistance reduces treatment effectiveness and increases transmission. Artemisinin resistance, primarily associated with\n                      <jats:italic>kelch13<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutations, is established in Southeast Asia (prevalence: 5%\u201347%; 95% CI: 32%\u201341%) and emerging in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa and South Asia. Resistance to partner drugs and older antimalarials remains widespread. Resistant strains increase treatment failure from 5% to 15%\u201320%, prolong infections, and enhance gametocyte carriage by 2\u20133\u2010fold and mosquito infection rates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Without urgent global collaboration, resistance will undermine malaria elimination and increase disease burden. This review calls attention to novel treatments, enhanced surveillance, and regionally tailored strategies to contain resistance and sustain malaria control efforts worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T08:09:21Z","timestamp":1788163761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Drug Resistance on the Global Spread of Malaria: A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0643-0736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashenafi Woldemichael","family":"Woime","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Hossana College of Health Sciences Hossana 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