{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:55:47Z","timestamp":1791186947626,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood is a major component of emergency medical care. The blood transfusion plays a crucial role in saving lives and improving the quality of life. This study aims to assess the medical students\u2019 awareness and willingness regarding voluntary blood donation at Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross\u2010sectional study used the convenience sampling method to survey medical students at Nishtar Medical University between May and August 2025. A 48\u2010item self\u2010administered questionnaire with four sections\u2014demographics, knowledge, attitude and practice\u2014was used. Tests used in the analysis were the chi\u2010square, independent sample\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test and one\u2010way ANOVA test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A survey of 316 medical students showed a gender distribution of 57.3% females and 42.7% males. Good knowledge of voluntary blood donation (VBD) was found in 110 participants, with only 21.8% aware of the recommended donation frequency. Knowledge varied on donation volume (73.4%), process duration (50.3%), minimum age (16.8%), and weight requirements (41.8%). Only 25.3% knew when postpartum mothers could donate. School was the primary information source (58%). Positive attitudes prevailed, with 72.2% displaying good attitudes, regardless of demographics. However, 81.1% had never donated blood, mainly due to health issues (39.9%) or lack of reasons (32.4%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sampled medical students had good knowledge and a good attitude towards VBD, but there was a lack of practice in blood donation. Adequate awareness campaigns are required to increase awareness about voluntary blood donation, which is globally and locally an important healthcare subject.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T06:06:22Z","timestamp":1788415582000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Awareness and Willingness of Blood Donation Among Medical Students of Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan: A Cross\u2010Sectional Descriptive Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0214-3419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Areeba","family":"Zeb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nishtar Medical University Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9545-9473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima","family":"Iftikhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nishtar Medical University Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4073-5074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amna","family":"Irshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nishtar Medical University Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Faiz","family":"Shujra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quaid\u2010e\u2010Azam Medical College Bahawalpur Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3355-9123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amna","family":"Naseer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nishtar Medical University Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8186-6644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amna","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nishtar Medical University Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0286-6088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaf","family":"Eman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Watim Medical College Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5450-4787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumia","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rawalpindi Medical University Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Farhan","family":"Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nishtar Medical University Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muddassir","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nishtar Medical University Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7441-9135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fred","family":"Segawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University College of Health Sciences Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58284-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9080926"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-10338-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.40.10.8803"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JBM.S385348"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Towards 100% Voluntary Blood Donation: A Global Framework for Action. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010. accessed August 6 2025 https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241599696."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","article-title":"Blood Donation Rates Higher in Countries With Higher Healthcare Quality and Expenditure","author":"Gadsden M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transfusion News"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Blood Safety and Availability. Updated June 14 2024. accessed August 6 2025 https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/blood-safety-and-availability."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031865"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Blood Donation: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Medical and Non\u2010Medical Students in Superior University Lahore","volume":"5","author":"Rehman R. U.","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Islamabad Med Dent Coll"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/htij.2015.01.00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","unstructured":"World Health OrganizationWHO and Pakistan Urge 5 Million Voluntary Blood Donations A Year to Save Lives [Internet]. EMRO. 2025 [cited 2026 Mar 12].https:\/\/www.emro.who.int\/pak\/pakistan-news\/who-and-pakistan-urge-5-million-voluntary-blood-donations-a-year-to-save-lives.html."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","first-page":"957","article-title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Voluntary Blood Donation Among Medical Students in Pakistan: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study","volume":"38","author":"Rehman R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000037086"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JFMPC.JFMPC_54_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6247.187937"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1485864"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_415_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2016\/21957.8733"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","first-page":"734","article-title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practices about Blood Donation Among Undergraduate Medical Students in Karachi","volume":"36","author":"Zaller N.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Community Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JBM.S287398"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sjhs.sjhs_70_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8546803"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2024.100488"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121231159344"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Voluntary Blood Donation Among Students of Rawalpindi Medical University","volume":"23","author":"Kanwal A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Rawalpindi Med Coll"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Blood Donation Among Health Science Students in a University Campus, South India","volume":"10","author":"Sabu K.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Online J Health Allied Scs"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2021.105100"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","unstructured":"NHS Blood Donation. NHS in England Calls for One Million People to Donate Blood to Secure The Nation's Blood Supply. accessed August 10 2025 https:\/\/www.blood.co.uk\/news-and-campaigns\/news-and-statements\/nhs-in-england-calls-for-one-million-people-to-donate-blood-to-secure-the-nation-s-blood-supply\/."}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.73135","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.73135","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.73135","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:41:39Z","timestamp":1791186099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.73135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.73135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.73135","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73135"}}