{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:56:24Z","timestamp":1791186984416,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular rare disease in children arising in the retinal cells. This study aimed to evaluate the consistency of the findings of factors associated with mortality in retinoblastoma children between the Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Model (Cox PHR) and the Multiple Logistic Regression Model (MLR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2004 to April 2023 on 402 children diagnosed with retinoblastoma who were admitted to hospitals with paediatric ophthalmology services in Malaysia. The statistical analyses used to model the factors associated with mortality were Cox PHR and the MLR. The five key elements evaluated for parameter estimates encompass direction, estimation, precision, significance, and magnitude of risk. The performance of the models was assessed using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 402 children, 22 (5.5%) died, 27 (6.7%) were lost to follow\u2010up, and 353 (87.8%) remained alive. Prolonged delay in diagnosis and non\u2010compliance with follow\u2010up were significant factors associated with mortality in both models. In the Cox PHR model, prolonged delay in diagnosis (AHR: 4.45, 95% CI: 1.86\u201310.62,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) and non\u2010compliance with follow\u2010up (AHR: 5.21, 95% CI: 2.24\u201312.10,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) increased mortality risk. Similar findings were observed in the MLR model, with prolonged delay in diagnosis (AOR: 4.73, 95% CI: 1.84\u201312.15,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) and non\u2010compliance with follow\u2010up (AOR: 9.51, 95% CI: 3.75\u201324.11,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) significantly increasing the odds of mortality. Both regression models showed consistent direction, and significant results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both Cox PHR and MLR models consistently identified prolonged delay in diagnosis and non\u2010compliance with follow\u2010up as factors associated with mortality among children with retinoblastoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T10:58:56Z","timestamp":1788778736000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Cox Proportional Hazards Regression and Multiple Logistic Regression Models for Identifying Factors Associated With Mortality Among Children With Retinoblastoma in Malaysia: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0301-6376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zulkifli","family":"Nor\u2010Aizura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Kuala Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia"},{"name":"Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun Ipoh Perak Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4265-442X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadiah","family":"Wan\u2010Arfah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Kuala Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8308-5625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nyi Nyi","family":"Naing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Kuala Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syaratul Emma","family":"Hashim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Kuala Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4753-4814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismail","family":"Shatriah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia"},{"name":"Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Sukari","family":"Ain\u2010Nasyrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norhafizah","family":"Hamzah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology Hospital Tunku Azizah, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4629-2657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamalia","family":"Rahmat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad Aziz","family":"Salowi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Hospital Selayang, Batu Caves Gombak Selangor 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