{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:55:48Z","timestamp":1791186948735,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Role modeling is universally regarded as essential to professional identity formation in medical education, yet its experiential and embodied complexity remains underexamined, particularly outside well\u2010resourced Western settings. This study investigated how clinical residents in an Ethiopian teaching hospital experience role modeling relationships, and how cultural hierarchy, resource scarcity, and postcolonial institutional structures shape that experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a hermeneutic phenomenological study combining van Manen's life world existential with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Ten purposively sampled residents from five departments at Addis Ababa University completed two rounds of in\u2010depth interviews three to 4 months apart, 3 months of structured reflective journaling, and were the subject of 20\u2009h of clinical observation by the first author, supplemented by analysis of institutional and personal artifacts, over a 9 month period (September 2024\u2013May 2025).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Role modeling was experienced as an embodied and relational phenomenon organized around four interconnected themes: (1) embodied transmission of clinical knowledge through haptic, kinesthetic, affective, and intercorporeal engagement; (2) temporal disruption of professional becoming through existential hinge points and biographical rupture; (3) dialectical navigation of admiration, resistance, and hierarchical power; and (4) moral formation through witnessing mentors navigate resource constraints, including formation through negative as well as positive modeling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Role modeling in this Ethiopian residency setting is better understood as a chiasmic, reciprocal intertwining of mentor and resident than as one\u2010directional transmission. Residents actively interpreted, resisted, and selectively appropriated modeled practices, doing so within a postcolonial institutional context of scarcity and hierarchy that gave this process locally specific form. These findings suggest faculty development, curricula, and institutional policy in comparable resource\u2010limited settings should explicitly address the embodied and power\u2010mediated dimensions of modeling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:23:08Z","timestamp":1788495788000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond Observation: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study of Role Modeling Experiences Among Clinical Residents in an Ethiopian Teaching Hospital: A Qualitative Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7283-6409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamrat","family":"Nida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2196-6835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdisa Tufa","family":"Bedada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199812313392706"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39503.757847.BE"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2013.806982"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01421590310001653973"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04144-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/pme.1262"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-025-07181-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10401334.2025.2451911"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","volume-title":"World Health Statistics 2022: Monitoring Health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","volume-title":"Human Resources for Health Country Profile, Ethiopia","author":"Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-9692-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","volume-title":"Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory","author":"Bandura A.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1134498"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","volume-title":"The Visible and the Invisible","author":"Merleau\u2010Ponty M.","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","volume-title":"Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison","author":"Foucault M.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","volume-title":"Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy","author":"Manen M.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","volume-title":"Phenomenology of Practice: Meaning\u2010Giving Methods in Phenomenological Research and Writing","author":"Manen M.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","volume-title":"Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method and Research","author":"Smith J. A.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0000259-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0000259-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2667055"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2012.687476"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","volume-title":"Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts","author":"Scott J. C.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-006-9032-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-199804000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Handbook of the Sociology of Medical Education","author":"Hafferty F. W.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511812507"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.73179","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.73179","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.73179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:45:08Z","timestamp":1791186308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.73179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.73179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.73179","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73179"}}