{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:55:47Z","timestamp":1791186947495,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011099","name":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00dcr Internationale Zusammenarbeit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDD\u2010EIPS\/2019(01)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDD\u2010EIPS\/2019(01)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011099","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ready\u2010made garment (RMG) industry in Bangladesh is crucial for its economy, employing millions of workers. Despite its economic significance, this industry is characterised by unsafe working conditions, resulting in a substantial burden of work\u2010related injuries. Many injured workers return to their jobs, often experiencing long\u2010term or permanent disabilities. This study aimed to identify the correlates of work\u2010related disability among injured garment workers in Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among 730 garment workers who had returned to work (RTW) following workplace injuries. Respondents were recruited from 120 conveniently selected RMG factories in Bangladesh. Work\u2010related disability was assessed using the Washington Group Short Set on Functioning (WG\u2010SS) questions. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with work\u2010related disability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of work\u2010related disability among injured workers was 13%, with the majority (58.9%) experiencing mobility disability. Male workers (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 2.0; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.24 to 3.18), those aged &lt;\u200930 years (aOR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.06 to 8.18), and workers from the cutting section (aOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.42 to 3.32) had higher odds of work\u2010related disability. Injury\u2010related factors associated with a higher likelihood of work\u2010related disability included bone fractures (aOR: 3.7; 95% CI: 1.81 to 7.53), burn injuries (aOR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.38 to 4.18), same\u2010level slips or trips (aOR: 3.8; 95% CI: 2.99 to 4.72), and fire accidents (aOR: 8.2; 95% CI: 1.44 to 46.11).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identified sociodemographic, occupational, and injury\u2010specific correlates of work\u2010related disability among injured RMG workers in Bangladesh. These findings highlight the need for interventions to prevent work\u2010related disability and support injured workers. They also provide evidence to inform occupational health policies and future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:25:05Z","timestamp":1788326705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlates of Work\u2010Related Disability Among Injured Garment Workers in Bangladesh: A Cross\u2010Sectional Investigation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1499-7505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Golam","family":"Kibria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Centre for Development Action Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1443-6257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Delwer Hossain","family":"Hawlader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health North South University Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9816-2080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Hayatun","family":"Nabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health North South University Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Ali Hasnain Fatme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Program Centre for Disability in Development Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3631-5832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shakil","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Monjurul","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Department International Federation of Red Cross and Red Cresent Societies Damascus Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheikh M.","family":"Alif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Centre for Development Action Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing Federation University Australia Ballarat Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Administrations, College of Health Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa. Disability. Brazzaville: WHO Regional Office for Africa; [cited 2025 Sep 21].https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/health-topics\/disabilities."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"Treasury B of Canada Secretariat Managing for Wellness: Disability Management Handbook for Managers in the Federal Public Service [Internet]. Ottawa: Government of Canada; 2010 [cited 2025 Sep 21].https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/government\/publicservice\/wellness-inclusion-diversity-public-service\/health-wellness-public-servants\/disability-management\/managing-wellness-disability-management-handbook-managers-federal-public-service.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11556-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12914-019-0188-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","unstructured":"The Asian Age Five Apparel Workers Sustain Burn Injury. The Asian Age Online;2019 https:\/\/dailyasianage.com\/news\/167044\/five-apparel-workers--sustain-burn-injury."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S297228"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","unstructured":"Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety Work\u2010related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) [Internet]. Hamilton: CCOHS; 2023 [cited 2025 Sep 22].https:\/\/www.ccohs.ca\/oshanswers\/diseases\/rmirsi.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2017.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1921"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4038\/jrcs.v21i1.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"The Financial Express Lack of Safety Monitoring Raises RMG Accidents. The Financial Express [Internet]. 2023 Aug 31 [cited 2025 Oct 8].https:\/\/today.thefinancialexpress.com.bd\/last-page\/lack-of-safety-monitoring-raises-rmg-accidents-169341983."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20473\/ijosh.v11i1.2022.133-142"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Musculoskeletal conditions [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2022 Jul 14 [cited 2025 Sep 22].https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/musculoskeletal-conditions."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17674-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2004-00380"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-011-9302-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001979390606000107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0308022619860980"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2017.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19452829.2021.1932774"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-024-02339-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104604"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2004.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-023-01842-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.05.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6936a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","unstructured":"M.Munni Women Workers' Ratio in RMG Industry on Decline. The Financial Express [Internet]. 2023 Mar 12 (cited 2024 Jul 27).https:\/\/today.thefinancialexpress.com.bd\/first-page\/women-workers-ratio-in-rmg-industry-on-decline-1678552675."},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_12_29_1.1","unstructured":"Star Business Report. Garment Exports Earned Record $47.38b in 2023. The Daily Star [Internet]. 2024 Jan 6(updated 2024 Jan 7"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_12_29_1.2","unstructured":"cited 2024 Jul 27).https:\/\/www.thedailystar.net\/business\/news\/garment-exports-earned-record-4738b-2023-3512736."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","unstructured":"M.Uddin Bangladesh's Garment Industry: Future Growth in a Changing World. The Daily Star [Internet]. 2024 Feb 15 (cited 2024 Jul 27).https:\/\/www.thedailystar.net\/tags\/future-growth-bangladeshs-garment-industry."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/cerb.v22i1.54302"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/jdmc.v24i1.29560"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6388-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","unstructured":"Centre for Entrepreneurship Development Mapped in Bangladesh [Internet]. Dhaka: Brac University; 2023 May 24 [cited 2025 Oct 4].https:\/\/map.rmg.org.bd\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074928"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","unstructured":"Washington Group on Disability Statistics WG Short Set on Functioning (WG\u2010SS) [Internet]. Maryland: WG; 2022 [cited 2024 May 20].https:\/\/www.washingtongroup-disability.com\/question-sets\/wg-short-set-on-functioning-wg-ss\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246501"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1280245"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-23919-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-869"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22259"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","unstructured":"H.Liu. \u201cRobust Standard Error Estimates for Cluster Sampling Data: A SAS\/IML Macro Procedure for Logistic Regression With Huberization \u201d Proceedings of the 23rd Annual SAS Users Group International; 1998 Mar 22\u201325; Nashville TN USA. Cary (NC): SAS Institute; 1998. p. 205\u201310."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2020.100027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","unstructured":"International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 155: Occupational Safety and Health Convention 1981 [Internet]. Geneva: International Labour Organization; 1981 [cited 2025 Oct 9].https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/resource\/c155-occupational-safety-and-health-convention-1981-no-155."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Labour and Employment Bangladesh Labour (Amendment) Act 2023. Dhaka: Ministry of Labour and Employment; 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Labour and Employment National Occupational Safety and Health Policy 2013. Dhaka: Ministry of Labour and Employment; 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.30358"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6732a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bsmmuj.v15i4.63892"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23364"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.4204"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20185"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","unstructured":"European Agency for Safety and Health at Work Young people and safety and health at work [Internet]. Bilbao (ES): European Agency for Safety and Health at Work; 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 1].https:\/\/osha.europa.eu\/en\/themes\/young-workers."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15071511"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-085123"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-018-1393-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-151991"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Bergman R.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2024.111801"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ORR.S300459"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-203232"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200002000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Burns. WHO; 2023 Oct 13 [cited 2025 Oct 5].https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/burns."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0145-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ecm2020026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina5810139567"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2016.1157214"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0390-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","unstructured":"Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) Prevention of Slips Trips and Falls. [Internet]. Hamilton (ON): CCOHS; [updated 2023 Oct 2; cited 2025 Oct 2].https:\/\/www.ccohs.ca\/oshanswers\/safety_haz\/falls.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/ijosh.v11i1.36062"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iraf045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2014.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Healthy Workplaces: A Model for Action: for Employers Workers Policymakers and Practitioners [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010 [cited 2026 Aug 4].https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/44307."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","unstructured":"International Labour Organization Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems: ILO\u2010OSH 2001 [Internet]. Geneva: International Labour Organization; 2001 [cited 2026 Aug 4].https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/publications\/guidelines-occupational-safety-and-health-management-systems-ilo-osh-2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","unstructured":"International Labour Organization Safety and Health at the Heart of the Future of Work: Building on 100 years of Experience [Internet]. Geneva: International Labour Organization; 2019 [cited 2026 Aug 4].https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/publications\/safety-and-health-heart-future-work-building-100-years-experience-0."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","unstructured":"International Labour Organization Safety and Health in Textiles Clothing Leather and Footwear [Internet]. Geneva: International Labour Organization; 2021 [cited 2026 Aug 4].https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/resource\/other\/safety-and-health-textiles-clothing-leather-and-footwear."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-005-8038-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-016-9690-x"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.73184","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.73184","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.73184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:42:13Z","timestamp":1791186133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.73184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.73184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.73184","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73184"}}