{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:56:18Z","timestamp":1791186978060,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over 200 million people in developing and industrialized countries are exposed to arsenic poisoning. Fine particulate matter (PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) constitutes a significant air contaminant, especially in urban and industrial suburbs. A significant proportion of countries do not possess sufficient ambient air quality guidelines for particulate matter pollution, which has the potential for toxicity, including renal toxicity. The health risk of pollution to inhabitants of a mining area is of much concern. The Ghanaian mining sector plays a significant role in the economy, being the largest foreign exchange earner. This study assessed ambient air quality, general health status and biochemical indices of the kidney that might be due to poisoning from mining pollutants such as Arsenic.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study recruited 65 participants, each from artisanal and incorporated mining companies, who have lived in the community for a minimum of 5 years since the mining activity began. The kidney function of the participants was assessed using urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio (uACR), whiles the Particulate matter (PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) in air was measured using the Modular Air Quality System (MAQS). Urine Arsenic levels were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). A line graph was used to illustrate the trend in PM levels whilst Chi\u2010square analysis was used to compare the general health status, and risk of kidney disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      levels in the artisanal mining community exceeded the WHO standard of 35\u2009\u00b5g\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      , while PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      levels in the incorporated mining community were above the WHO standard of 70\u2009\u00b5g\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      . More individuals in the artisanal mining community were at risk of kidney disease (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006) compared to the incorporated mining community.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The inhabitants of the artisanal mining community are at a higher risk of air pollution related disorders and kidney diseases whereas those in the incorporated mining community exhibit poorer general health status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:01:03Z","timestamp":1789621263000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Ambient Air Particulate Matter, Urine Arsenic Levels and the Effect on Residents Health in an Artisanal Mining Community and an Incorporated Mining Community in Ghana From April 2024 to July 2024: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Nafisa Akua","family":"Assan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3757-2569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric N. Y.","family":"Nyarko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5929-2322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justice","family":"Kumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7375-8830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel K.","family":"Ofori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9715-9306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberta Dzifa","family":"Dayie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derrick N. D.","family":"Doodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science Baldwin University College Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxwell Seyram","family":"Sunu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Quality Department Environmental Protection Agency Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8993-4594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aliu","family":"Issahaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac Kpabitey","family":"Lawer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6128-1358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Obirikorang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Asare\u2010Anane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","unstructured":"M.Roser (2021) \u201cData review: How Many People Die From Air pollution?\u201d Published online at OurWorldinData.org.https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/data-review-air-pollution-deaths."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39797-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13020160"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205875"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi330"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Carbon. (2012). Arsenic metals fibres and dusts (IARC M)."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444308785"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","volume-title":"Arsenic Primer: Guidance on the Investigation and Mitigation of Arsenic Contamination","author":"United Nations Children's Fund, & World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.01.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","unstructured":"R.Agyei(2016). Health Impacts of local and Chinese Small\u2010Scale Gold Mining Operations on Ghanaian communities [Master's thesis Brock University]. Brock University Digital Repository. brocku.ca."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.111623"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13412-020-00613-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23311916.2024.2391654"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01925"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-022-01441-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI194312"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0403-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-017-7041-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.124871"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114116"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","volume-title":"World Bank DataBank","author":"World Bank","year":"2016"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Urinary Arsenic and Mercury Levels in Artisanal Miners in Some Communities in the Obuasi Municipality of Ghana","volume":"5","author":"Dartey E.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105450"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wsee.2024.08.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Sample Size Calculation in Medical Studies","volume":"6","author":"Pourhoseingholi M. A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","article-title":"Chronic Kidney Diseases among Homeless and Slum Dwellers in Accra, Ghana","volume":"38","author":"Osafo C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pan African Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1681411"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181575"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","unstructured":"Perkin\u2010ElmerCooperation. Analytical Methods for Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.(1996:216) Anal Methods [Internet].https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/ed049pA250.2."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","volume-title":"All About Albumin: Biochemistry, Genetics, and Medical Applications","author":"Peters T.","year":"1996"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","first-page":"2486","article-title":"Creatinine Determination According to Jaffe\u2014What Does It Stand For?","volume":"26","author":"Delanghe J. R.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e05968"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292752"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.220417"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2016.07.0296"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001502"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104100"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP494"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Defining Safety Hazards & Risks in Mining Industry: A Case\u2010Study in United States","volume":"2","author":"Abbasi S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology (AJAST"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqh072"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Concerns Regarding Drinkable Water","volume":"6","author":"Hans V. B.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicon Agriculture & Environmental Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-6526(02)00043-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","unstructured":"J. Y.Yeboah(2008). Environmental and Health Impact of Mining on Surrounding Communities: A Case Study of Anglogold Ashanti in Obuasi [Master's thesis Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2015.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-315715"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vision7020032"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-019-00296-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2022.1604522"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032321"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-021-00827-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20321-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfy111"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-16031-6"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.73246","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.73246","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.73246","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:40:39Z","timestamp":1791186039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.73246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.73246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.73246","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73246"}}