{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:45:11Z","timestamp":1791981911078,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was designed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and durability of suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide, administered either alone or in combination with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB), in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective comparative interventional study was conducted in the Ophthalmology Department at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from May 2020 to March 2021. Sixty patients with DME were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. Baseline assessments included best\u2010corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), a detailed fundus examination, and spectral\u2010domain optical coherence tomography (SD\u2010OCT) for measurement of central subfield thickness (CST). Participants were allocated into two groups. One group received a combination of 4\u2009mg suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide and intravitreal bevacizumab, while the second group received 4\u2009mg suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide alone. Patients were followed clinically and anatomically to assess treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both groups demonstrated statistically significant reductions in CST from baseline (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). However, patients receiving combination therapy showed a greater reduction in CST and superior improvement in visual acuity compared to those receiving triamcinolone alone. At 3 months, CST and IOP decreased in both groups, with greater reductions in the combination group. The between\u2010group differences were significant for both CST (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and IOP (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.032). No major safety concerns or treatment\u2010related complications were observed during the study period.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Suprachoroidal administration of 4\u2009mg triamcinolone acetonide combined with intravitreal bevacizumab is more effective than triamcinolone monotherapy in reducing central subfield thickness and improving visual acuity in patients with DME. The combination approach provides superior anatomical and functional outcomes, suggesting a synergistic therapeutic effect and representing a promising treatment strategy for DME.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:44:32Z","timestamp":1790743472000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Efficacy of Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Acetonide Alone or in Combination With Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema: A Prospective Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Tahir","family":"Ghaffar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Al\u2010Aleem Medical College Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4930-7588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asad Aslam","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Ophthalmology and Allied Vision Sciences King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hasan","family":"Bokhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Ophthalmology and Allied Vision Sciences King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahseen Mahmood","family":"Majhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Ophthalmology and Allied Vision Sciences King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Sharif City Medical and Dental College Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaudhry Nasir","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Ophthalmology and Allied Vision Sciences King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9046-3003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aalaa","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Lebanese University Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106904"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S351853"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","first-page":"693","article-title":"Suprachoroidal Versus Intravitreal Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide as Primary Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema","volume":"27","author":"Khan F. S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53350\/pjmhs22166304"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-024-00550-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29309\/TPMJ\/2024.31.10.8224"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1342530"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51253\/pafmj.v74i5.10818"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-02790-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106904"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","volume-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 25.0) [Computer software]","author":"IBM Corp","year":"2017"},{"issue":"06","key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","first-page":"304","article-title":"Comparison of Suprachoroidal Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide Versus Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Primary Diabetic Macular Edema","volume":"16","author":"Anwar F.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53350\/pjmhs20221611400"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Therapeutic Effect of Simultaneous Intravitreal Dexamethasone and Aflibercept on Diabetic Macular Edema","author":"Lin T. C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Diabetologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ijma.2021.55079.1230"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S361636"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-023-00458-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59050982"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414264"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.4914"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.73257","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.73257","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.73257","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:49:29Z","timestamp":1791978569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.73257"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.73257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.73257","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73257"}}