{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T10:47:02Z","timestamp":1792406822730,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The serologic prevalence of the Weak D phenotype varies across populations and may be influenced by laboratory methodology. However, nationwide data from Iran remain limited. This study aimed to determine the nationwide serologic prevalence of the Weak D phenotype among Iranian blood donors and to compare detection rates between manual and automated RhD typing methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This nationwide retrospective cross\u2010sectional study included 1,991,758 blood donors from all 31 provinces of Iran between December 2022 and December 2023. RhD typing was performed using either manual tube testing or automated platforms (Magnet and solid\u2010phase red cell adherence [SPRCA]). Prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and compared using\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and paired analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 1,991,758 blood donors, 213,693 (10.72%) were Rh\u2010negative. Serologic Weak D was identified in 1001 donors, corresponding to an overall prevalence of 0.0503% (95% CI: 0.0472\u20130.0535) and 0.4684% among Rh\u2010negative donors. The prevalence was 0.0491% with manual testing and 0.0518% with automated testing, with no significant difference between the two methods (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.681,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.41). Within the automated group, SPRCA demonstrated a significantly higher detection rate than the Magnet platform (0.0619% [95% CI: 0.0545\u20130.0707] vs. 0.0445% [95% CI: 0.0390\u20130.0507];\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200912.227,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In provinces where both methods were used concurrently, paired analysis showed a significantly higher mean detection rate with automated testing (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The nationwide prevalence of serologically detected Weak D phenotype in Iranian blood donors was 0.0503%, placing Iran within the lower range of global estimates. Although no significant overall difference was observed between manual and automated RhD typing, the Solid Phase platform demonstrated significantly higher detection rates than the Magnet platform. These findings support standardized RhD typing strategies to improve diagnostic consistency and optimize transfusion safety at the national level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:59:31Z","timestamp":1790153971000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of Serologic Weak D Phenotype in Iranian Blood Donors: A Nationwide Retrospective Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6552-9368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Younes","family":"Sadeghi\u2010Bojd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narges Sadat Razavi","family":"Alhosayni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Mirzaeyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9920-9765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Mohammadali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6470-5304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arezoo","family":"Oodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"RHD Genotyping of Rh\u2010Negative and Weak D Phenotype Among Blood Donors in Southeast Iran","volume":"15","author":"Sadeghi\u2010Bojd Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Hematology\u2010Oncology and Stem Cell Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.13135"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14757"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102870"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13275"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"272","article-title":"Proceed With Care: The \u2018Uncommon\u2019 Serologic Weak D Phenotypes","volume":"19","author":"Flegel W. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Transfusion = Trasfusione Del Sangue"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13447"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15741"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12413"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Molecular Background of Serological D Negative Phenotype in the Omani Population","volume":"41","author":"Al Lawati M. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liverpool John Moores University (United Kingdom)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP1T9FGZBHIQET"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_664_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.103024"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Prevalence of Weak D Phenotype in Blood Donors: A Study From Tertiary Care Hospital","volume":"35","author":"Hameed M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.75125"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18231\/j.pjms.2022.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12941"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5493\/wjem.v15.i2.102345"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ajts.AJTS_34_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2005.04250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.htct.2019.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03266.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Primary Anti\u2010D Immunization by DEL Red Blood Cells","volume":"32","author":"Kim K.\u2010H.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Laboratory Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6247.67030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-170"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","first-page":"EC12","article-title":"Enigmatic Weak D Antigen: An Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital of East Delhi","volume":"10","author":"Gupta A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.73271","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.73271","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.73271","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T10:16:59Z","timestamp":1792405019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.73271"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.73271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.73271","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73271"}}