{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:45:13Z","timestamp":1792410313556,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kyrgyzstan has experienced sustained HIV transmission, yet comprehensive national assessments of long\u2010term trends and demographic inequalities remain limited. This study evaluated the national HIV burden and benchmarked Kyrgyzstan's progress against Middle\u2010SDI and global patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We obtained HIV prevalence, mortality, and disability\u2010adjusted life years (DALYs) for 1990\u20132021 from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Age\u2010standardized prevalence (ASPR), death (ASDR), and DALY rates per 100,000 population were examined by age and sex. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using log\u2010linear regression. Values for 2022\u20132025 were short\u2010term projections derived by extrapolating 2010\u20132021 trends and were not official GBD estimates. We obtained transmission\u2010mode information from national surveillance sources and analyzed it descriptively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV prevalence increased throughout 1990\u20132021 and was projected to reach an ASPR of 22.8 per 100,000 in 2025. Mortality and DALY rates peaked around 2010 and subsequently declined, although improvements were slower than global benchmarks. Adults aged 20\u201349 years experienced the greatest burden, while males generally had higher mortality and DALY rates than females. Surveillance data indicated an increasing proportion of diagnoses attributed to heterosexual exposure; however, recent evidence suggests possible underreporting of injecting\u2010drug\u2010use and male\u2010to\u2010male sexual exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kyrgyzstan has achieved partial reductions in fatal HIV burden, but increasing prevalence indicates continuing transmission and long\u2010term treatment needs. Expanded testing, sustained antiretroviral therapy, harm reduction, and differentiated services for key populations and their sexual partners remain essential.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:48:16Z","timestamp":1790138896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["HIV Burden Trends in Kyrgyzstan, 1990\u20132025: A National Analysis of GBD 2021 Estimates and Short\u2010Term Projections"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5238-5211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shafee Ur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Ala\u2010Too International University Bishkek Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15212\/ZOONOSES-2023-0039"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35772\/ghm.2023.01013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2024.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s2175-97902026e24485"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Epidemiological Trends and Challenges in Global Infectious Disease Control","volume":"3","author":"Damini G.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Global Perspectives in Health, Medicine, and 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