{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:50:04Z","timestamp":1792410604322,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tobacco smoking in Africa presents a significant public health challenge, particularly concerning cardiovascular health among young adults and men. While global smoking prevalence has declined, World Health Organization (WHO) projections estimate that the total number of tobacco smokers in Africa will rise from 57 million in 2015 to 67 million by 2025. This trend compounds the region's existing burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This narrative review aims to analyze tobacco smoking trends, elucidate the link between smoking and CVDs, evaluate implemented interventions, and assess policy responses across African nations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This literature review was performed using electronic search databases comprising PubMed\/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online (AJOL). Using keywords and associated Boolean operators pertaining to \u201ctobacco smoking\u201d, \u201ccardiovascular health\u201d, and \u201cAfrica\u201d, studies were selected based on their relevance and content quality. Studies focusing on tobacco use and CVD risks within African regions were included. Relevant references from regional public health and medical databases were also included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While relative smoking prevalence has experienced marginal declines, the absolute number of tobacco users in Africa is projected to rise significantly. This is due to rapid population growth, demographic shifts, and commercial determinants such as aggressive industry marketing and weak regulatory frameworks. This trend worsens CVDs like heart attacks, strokes, and hypertension. Interventions such as public awareness campaigns, graphic warning labels, and progressive taxation show promise but suffer from inconsistent enforcement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Addressing these trends requires evidence\u2010driven policy enforcement and multi\u2010sectoral collaboration to mitigate tobacco smoking\u2010related cardiovascular risks. Prioritizing targeted interventions for vulnerable populations remains critical to reducing projected regional health and economic burdens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:11:07Z","timestamp":1790154667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tobacco Smoking and Cardiovascular Health in Africa: Trends, Interventions, and Policy Implications\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3344-2209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boluwatife Samuel","family":"Fatokun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences Kwara State University Malete Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Success Oluwapemi","family":"Oluyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Science Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Obinna Joseph","family":"Mba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences Uburu Ebonyi Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6573-410X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omosola Lydia","family":"Bolarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Southwestern University Nigeria  Ogun State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ugochi Chinonyerem","family":"Ajaero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8337-3130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Muhammad","family":"Babandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy Federal University Dutsinma Katsina Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chukwuebuka Udo","family":"Onyegiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Federal Medical Centre Jabi Abuja Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8820-3801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal Mathew","family":"Okorobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Makerere University Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0243-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"African Capacity Building Foundation \u201cEconomics of Tobacco Control in Africa: A Compendium of Country Case Studies \u201d African Capacity Building Foundation published 2023 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