{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:53:41Z","timestamp":1791978821948,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peripheral intravenous (IV) cannulation is a fundamental clinical skill that requires both technical precision and effective patient communication. Despite its frequency in clinical practice, many medical trainees report insufficient confidence and limited opportunities for supervised practice. Simulation\u2010based medical education has emerged as a strategy to bridge this gap; however, its impact on both technical and nontechnical competencies warrants further evaluation. This study was done to assess the effect of a simulation\u2010based training module on medical students' technical skills (TS), nontechnical skills (NTS), and self\u2010reported confidence in peripheral IV cannulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single\u2010group pre\u2013post interventional study included 74 3rd\u2010 and 4th\u2010year medical students. Participants underwent a structured task trainer\u2010based training session on IV cannulation. Performance was assessed before (T2) and after (T4) the intervention using a modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS), evaluating both TS and NTS (maximum score: 16 each). Self\u2010reported confidence was measured on a 10\u2010point Likert scale. Paired t\u2010tests were used to compare pre and postintervention confidence, NT, and NTS scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Baseline confidence increased from 4.25\u2009\u00b1\u20091.22 to 7.32\u2009\u00b1\u20091.31, a mean increase of 3.07 points (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Mean NS scores increased from 4.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1 to 12.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3, a mean increase of 7.7 points (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while NTS scores increased from 6.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5 to 12.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1, a mean increase of 6.0 points (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Overall satisfaction was high, with a mean score of 4.4\/5, and most participants reporting perceived usefulness in clinical practice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Task trainer\u2010based training significantly enhances medical students' technical performance, NTS, and confidence in peripheral IV cannulation within a controlled learning environment. These findings suggest that a structured case\u2010based simulation session may be associated with immediate improvements in procedural performance and self\u2010reported confidence. Controlled studies with longer\u2010term follow\u2010up are needed to determine the causal and sustained effects of this training approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:55:28Z","timestamp":1791186928000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Task Trainer\u2010Based Training on Medical Students' Technical Skills, Nontechnical Skills, and Confidence in Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation: A Single\u2010Group Pre\u2013Post Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Maher","family":"Abdessater","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon"},{"name":"Doctoral College Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK) Jounieh Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8500-2554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramy Touma","family":"Sawaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Gilbert and Rose\u2010Marie Chagoury School of Medicine Lebanese American University Byblos Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne El","family":"Turk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Roquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School \u201cAbb\u00e9 Gr\u00e9goire\u201d National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghid El","family":"Khoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral College Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK) Jounieh Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104673"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Prevention of Bloodstream Infections and Other Infections Associated With the Use of Intravascular Catheters: Part 1: Peripheral Catheters","author":"World Health Organization, ed","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir138"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2012.733451"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000038813"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52645\/MJHS.2024.2.09"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2021.104776"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0283-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200301000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2008.00233.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Employing Kirkpatrick's Evaluation Framework to Determine the Effectiveness of Health Information Management Courses and Programs","volume":"8","author":"Rouse D. 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