{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T08:39:09Z","timestamp":1792399149028,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nosocomial infections continue to impose significant clinical and economic burdens on patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Radiology equipment, accessories, and work surfaces can become contaminated with healthcare\u2010associated pathogens due to frequent handling by healthcare personnel and patients. This study investigated microbial contamination on commonly used radiology equipment and surfaces at a major hospital in Ghana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This descriptive microbiological study involved weekly swabbing of 10 radiology equipment\/accessories and surfaces using sterile nylon swabs over a 4\u2010week period. Swab samples were transferred into bijoux bottles containing peptone broth to enhance microbial growth. For bacterial isolation, samples were inoculated onto MacConkey and Blood Agar plates and incubated appropriately. Bacterial isolates were identified based on colonial morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical reactions. Fungal cultures were performed using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and incubated at 28\u00b0C for 7 days. Fungal isolates were identified using colonial morphology, tease mount preparation, and lactophenol cotton blue staining.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Microbial contamination was detected in 35 (87.5%) of the 40 samples analyzed. Identified bacterial isolates included coagulase\u2010negative Staphylococci,\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species, and\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . These organisms were isolated from the 35\/43\u2009cm cassette, x\u2010ray tube head handle, horizontal bucky surface, and erect bucky surface. The highest bacterial colony count recorded was 1.2\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>6\u2009<\/jats:sup>\n                      CFU\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . The 35\/43\u2009cm x\u2010ray cassette demonstrated the highest level of contamination, accounting for 4 of the 9 bacterial isolates identified. Fungal isolates, including\n                      <jats:italic>Neurospora<\/jats:italic>\n                      species and\n                      <jats:italic>Fusarium solani<\/jats:italic>\n                      , were also detected.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiology equipment and surfaces harbored potentially pathogenic bacterial and fungal organisms, indicating their capacity to act as environmental reservoirs within radiology departments. The detection of both bacterial and fungal species on frequently touched radiology items highlights the need for strict adherence to infection prevention and control protocols to enhance the safety of both patients and healthcare professionals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:58:06Z","timestamp":1790830686000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microbial Contamination of Radiology Equipment: A Descriptive Study in Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6433-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seth Kwadjo","family":"Angmorterh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, School of Allied Health Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4787-9473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Gameli","family":"Deku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Akyea\u2010Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, School of Allied Health Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4384-9234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riaan Van de","family":"Venter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiography, School of Clinical Care and Medicinal Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences Nelson Mandela University Gqeberha South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Amu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Hohoe Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0227-3714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Aboagye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language &amp; Hearing Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patience Nyamekye","family":"Agyemang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, School of Allied Health Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel Awentiirin","family":"Angaag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, School of Allied Health Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jevas Omweri","family":"Kenyanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, School of Allied Health Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kafui Kossi","family":"Kekessie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, School of Allied Health Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3946-9557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Klugah\u2010Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.9763"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2013.842922"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2024.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2021.744696"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4795-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/43743"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2012.32.3.206"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2016.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"Microorganisms Associated With Usable Equipment in The Radiological Unit of University of Benin Teaching Hospital","volume":"17","author":"Oshoma C. 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