{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T06:48:03Z","timestamp":1792392483383,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anaemia remains a major public health problem in South Asia, disproportionately affecting women. However, evidence on sex disparities in anaemia severity among rural adults in Bangladesh remains limited. This study examined the prevalence and severity of anaemia and sex differences among healthcare\u2010seeking adults in rural Chattogram, Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study used data from adults accessing healthcare services in four rural unions of Chattogram Division between November 2016 and November 2017. Of 2,118 adults, 459 participants (224 males and 235 females) with available haemoglobin measurements were included. Anaemia was classified according to World Health Organisation sex\u2010specific criteria. Multinomial logistic regression examined associations of sex and body mass index (BMI) category with anaemia severity, using normal haemoglobin as the reference category.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 59.3% of participants had anaemia, with higher prevalence among females than males (77.9% vs. 39.7%). Mild, moderate, and severe anaemia affected 27.0%, 29.6%, and 2.6% of participants, respectively. Compared with males, females had higher relative risks of mild (RRR\u2009=\u20092.51, 95% CI: 1.56\u20134.04), moderate (RRR\u2009=\u200911.53, 95% CI: 6.72\u201319.76), and severe anaemia (RRR\u2009=\u200928.56, 95% CI: 3.60\u2013226.76; all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.002). Underweight status was associated with moderate anaemia compared with normal BMI (RRR\u2009=\u20093.42, 95% CI: 1.62\u20137.21;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anaemia was highly prevalent among healthcare\u2010seeking adults in rural Chattogram, with marked sex disparities in moderate and severe anaemia. These findings should be interpreted in the context of the non\u2010representative healthcare\u2010seeking sample and limited information on potential determinants. Population\u2010based studies are needed to investigate the factors underlying these disparities and inform appropriate anaemia prevention and screening strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.73351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T08:34:16Z","timestamp":1791621256000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anaemia Prevalence, Severity and Sex Disparities Among Healthcare\u2010Seeking Adults in Rural Chattogram Division, Bangladesh: Evidence From a Community\u2010Based Portable Health Clinic Programme"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0336-2694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Kaoser Bin","family":"Siddique","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TMSS Nursing College Grand Health Sector, TMSS Bogura Rajshahi Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Research, Evaluation and Development (RED), LMRF Portable Health Clinic Project LMRF Healthcare Cumilla Chattogram Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9533-9821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maskura","family":"Benzir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy TMSS Medical College Bogura Rajshahi Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamim","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMRF Healthcare Cumilla Chattogram Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5636-3140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Aminul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Media Studies and Journalism University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2027-2893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Jiaur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafiqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Digital Transformation Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashir","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Information Technology, Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5475-986X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Moshiur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Health and Medical Care, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olav","family":"Muurlink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Innovation, School of Business and Law Central Queensland University Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_19_2_1","unstructured":"W. H.Organization WHO Global Anaemia Estimates: Key Findings 2025 Edition. World Health Organization;2025 https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240113930."},{"key":"e_1_2_19_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00160-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Anaemia: WHO Fact Sheet. 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