{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:06:42Z","timestamp":1790719602518,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,15]],"date-time":"2012-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effect of dose and other factors on plasma clozapine concentrations in patients aged 65\u2009years and over.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Audit of clozapine therapeutic drug monitoring data, 1996\u20132010.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 1930 samples [778 patients, 363 men aged (median, range) 67 (65\u2013100) years and 415 women aged 68 (65\u201390) years]. There was no significant difference in the mean plasma clozapine concentration between men (0.56\u2009mg\/l) and women (0.58\u2009mg\/l), although the mean dose was higher in men (323\u2009mg\/d) than women (264\u2009mg\/d). The higher proportion of men (46%) compared with women (37%) smokers could explain this finding. Overall, 32% of samples had plasma clozapine below, and 37% above, a target range of 0.35\u20130.60\u2009mg\/l. Overall, the median dose decreased from 300 (65\u201370\u2009years) to 200\u2009mg\/d (age 85\u2009years and over). However, prescription of &gt;350\u2009mg\/d was associated with a 50% likelihood that the plasma clozapine would exceed 0.60\u2009mg\/l. For a subgroup of 196 patients (114 men, 82 women), mean plasma clozapine was significantly higher after age 65 despite significantly lower dosage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clozapine dosage in elderly patients should be reviewed regularly to minimise the risk of adverse effects. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,15]],"date-time":"2012-03-15T08:00:14Z","timestamp":1331798414000},"page":"277-283","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Plasma clozapine and norclozapine in relation to prescribed dose and other factors in patients aged 65\u2009years and over: data from a therapeutic drug monitoring service, 1996\u20132010"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Sally","family":"Bowskill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Biochemistry King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London SE5 9RS UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lewis","family":"Couchman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Biochemistry King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London SE5 9RS UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James Hunter","family":"MacCabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry King's College London  London SE5 8AF UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert James","family":"Flanagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Biochemistry King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London SE5 9RS UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e3181dad1fb"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e3181f0a1a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.7.5.525"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-006-0209-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679709073852"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1286287"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.2.172"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3182118318"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220500433247"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(03)00148-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2003.02007.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/pb.30.11.410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200411000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181acd20b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000106221.36344.4d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e32834405fc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/9780203092835"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707009944"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60742-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08r04171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125311405566"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e32819f8f17"}],"container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhup.2223","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hup.2223","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T03:30:02Z","timestamp":1698636602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hup.2223"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,15]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hup.2223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hup.2223","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-6222","1099-1077"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-6222","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1077","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,15]]}}}