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Yet, trends vary by region, with for example methamphetamine being a major driver of psychiatric and substance abuse treatment demand in the Western Cape province. Heroin use is increasing in several provinces, where rapid intervention is required to avoid an epidemic. In particular, the state (the main funder of drug services) urgently needs to provide opioid substitution treatment. Apart from an inadequate number of treatment services, barriers to treatment are high. Barriers are predominantly cost, transport and resource related. Services are also impacted by a small and inadequately trained workforce and poor integration with mental health services. To adequately intervene with substance use disorders, South Africa needs an evidence\u2010based policy and service planning framework that forges linkages with the mental health service system. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,15]],"date-time":"2012-05-15T05:55:01Z","timestamp":1337061301000},"page":"338-341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Substance misuse trends in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Sonja","family":"Pasche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bronwyn","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Unit South African Medical Research Council  Tygerberg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.1267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"DadaS Pl\u00fcddemannA ParryC BhanaA VawdaM FourieD.2011.Alcohol and drug abuse trends: January \u2013 June 2011 (Phase 30). 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