{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T22:41:34Z","timestamp":1775688094745,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,20]],"date-time":"2012-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1348099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite a growing interest in memory functions of chronic drug users, investigation of semantic and episodic memory in opiate users is limited, and findings of studies have been inconsistent. The present study aimed to assess semantic memory and episodic memory for both drug\u2010related and neutral stimuli in current and ex\u2010users of opiates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using an independent group design, we assessed semantic priming and verbal learning in 16 current opiate users on a methadone maintenance programme, 16 ex\u2010opiate users in rehabilitation programmes and 16 healthy controls. The groups were matched on verbal IQ, age and employment status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that current and ex\u2010users showed intact automatic and controlled semantic priming. Ex\u2010users who had been abstinent for an average of 19\u2009months showed a verbal learning impairment compared with controls. Both current and ex\u2010users were impaired in recalling semantically unrelated words but unimpaired in recalling semantically related words.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings suggest a relative lack of spontaneous use of mnemonic strategies and imply that highly structured information would help opiate\u2010using clients in treatment. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,20]],"date-time":"2012-09-20T09:56:44Z","timestamp":1348135004000},"page":"499-506","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Semantic priming and verbal learning in current opiate users, ex\u2010users and non\u2010user controls"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Stefania","family":"Battistella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Clinical Health Psychology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Constantinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Clinical Health Psychology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celia J. 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