{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:39:29Z","timestamp":1790005169232,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,2]],"date-time":"2012-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the association between mean corpuscular volume (MCV), carbohydrate\u2010deficient transferrin (CDT), and gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels and gray and white brain matter in male drinkers to find out which if any of these biomarkers of alcohol consumption is indicative for alcohol\u2010related differences in brain volume.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma levels of CDT, GGT, and MCV and magnetic resonance imaging\u2010determined brain gray and white matter volumes were assessed in 55 male drinkers. Current alcohol intake and lifetime alcohol intake were determined by self\u2010report measures. The relationship between MCV, CDT, and GGT and brain volumes was explored using multiple linear regression analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a significant negative relationship between plasma GGT and MCV levels and gray matter volumes. Middle\u2010aged male drinkers with highly elevated GGT and MCV levels (twice the standard deviation above the mean) have 4\u201312% less parietal and occipital gray matter than males with average GGT and MCV levels. There was no association between CDT levels and brain gray or white matter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated GGT and MCV levels may be indicative of alcohol\u2010related gray\u2010matter decline in male drinkers. The link with GGT may reflect that elevated GGT levels are a sign of increased oxidative stress. The link with MCV levels may reflect a decreased oxygen transport to the brain. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,2]],"date-time":"2012-10-02T08:41:14Z","timestamp":1349167274000},"page":"559-565","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Relationship between carbohydrate\u2010deficient transferrin, gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase, and mean corpuscular volume levels and alcohol\u2010related brain volume decreases in male drinkers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Eveline A.","family":"de Bruin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychopharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul H. H. H. 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