{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T09:51:46Z","timestamp":1776765106211,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,9]],"date-time":"2013-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>A review of substance use clinical trials indicates that sub\u2010optimal methods are the most commonly used procedures to deal with longitudinal missing information.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Listwise deletion (i.e., using complete cases only), positive urine analysis (UA) imputation, and multiple imputation (MI) were used to evaluate the effect of baseline substance use and buprenorphine\/naloxone tapering schedule (7 or 28\u2009days) on the probability of a positive UA (UA+) across the 4\u2010week treatment period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The listwise deletion generalized estimating equations (GEE) model demonstrated that those in the 28\u2010day taper group were less likely to submit a UA+ for opioids during the treatment period (odds ratios (OR)\u2009=\u20090.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39\u20130.83), as did the positive UA imputation model (OR\u2009=\u20090.43, CI: 0.34\u20130.55). The MI model also demonstrated a similar effect of taper group (OR\u2009=\u20090.57, CI: 0.42\u20130.77), but the effect size was more similar to that of the listwise deletion model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Future researchers may find utilization of the MI procedure in conjunction with the common method of GEE analysis as a helpful analytic approach when the missing at random assumption is justifiable. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,9]],"date-time":"2013-09-09T05:58:06Z","timestamp":1378706286000},"page":"506-515","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Longitudinal missing data strategies for substance use clinical trials using generalized estimating equations: an example with a buprenorphine trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Sterling","family":"McPherson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"},{"name":"Program of Excellence in the Addictions Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"},{"name":"Program for Rural Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"},{"name":"Translational Addictions Research Center Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celestina","family":"Barbosa\u2010Leiker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"},{"name":"Program of Excellence in the Addictions Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"},{"name":"Program for Rural Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"},{"name":"Translational Addictions Research Center Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"McDonell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donelle","family":"Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"},{"name":"Program of Excellence in the Addictions Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"},{"name":"Program for Rural Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"},{"name":"Translational Addictions Research Center Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Roll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"},{"name":"Program of Excellence in the Addictions Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"},{"name":"Program for Rural Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"},{"name":"Translational Addictions Research Center Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/13621-002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"AllisonPD.2001.Missing Data. 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